How to propagate Abelia x grandiflora by cuttings? These key points you need to master
Since Abelia x grandiflora is not common in China, people do not know much about it. In fact, Abelia x grandiflora is an excellent garden variety, with strong sprouting ability, tolerance to pruning, a long flowering period, and many uses. For artificial propagation of Abelia x grandiflora, the cutting propagation method can be used
Since Abelia x grandiflora is not common in China, people do not know much about it. In fact, Abelia x grandiflora is an excellent garden variety, with strong sprouting ability, tolerance to pruning, a long flowering period, and many uses. For artificial propagation of Abelia x grandiflora, the cutting propagation method can be used. Here is a brief introduction to its cutting method and precautions.
Abelia x grandiflora
Abelia x grandiflora is mainly propagated by cuttings and is a tree species that roots relatively easily. At present, full-light mist cutting and small arched shed cutting are mainly used in production.
The cutting medium is mainly perlite and yellow sand with strong air permeability and good drainage. To improve the survival rate, a certain proportion of peat and plant ash can be added to it.
The best time to take cuttings is after shoot growth stops and before the next shoot growth or flowering. Select current-year new branches for cuttings. The length of the cuttings is 5-6 cm, generally 3 nodes long, retaining 1-2 pairs of healthy leaves.
The rooting agent and its concentration are generally IBA 1000 mg/kg or NAA 1000 mg/kg. Dip the lower 1-1.5 cm part of the cutting in the solution for 3 seconds. It is a bark-rooting type. When cutting in plug trays, the medium should be loose, well-drained, sterilized and disinfected. After cutting, mist to maintain moisture or seal with a small arched shed.
Abelia chinensis R. Br. Abelia chinensis profile: how to grow Abelia chinensis / how to propagate Abelia chinensis
Abelia chinensis profileAbelia chinensis R. Br.
Aliases: tea tree strip, tea strip tree, small elm wax leaf, small stack chicken, mountain willow, hairy wax leaf tree, water wax, white flower tree
Classification: shrub flower
Family and genus: Plantae, Angiosperms, Dicotyledoneae, Rubiales, Caprifoliaceae, Abelia
Full bloom period: autumn
Abelia chinensis belongs to Caprifoliaceae, Abelia. Young branches are reddish brown, and the bark of small branches is torn. Leaves are ovate or ovate-elliptic, opposite, with sparse shallow teeth on the margin, and the base of the midvein on the leaf underside is densely covered with soft hairs. Cymes are terminal or axillary, flowers pink or white, fragrant, calyx covered with short soft hairs, 5-lobed about 5 mm long, corolla funnel-shaped, rows covered with soft hairs, stamens 4, exserted from the corolla. Achenes are about 5 mm long, with persistent 5 calyx lobes at the apex. The flowering period is July-August, and the fruit ripening period is October. Abelia chinensis likes a warm and humid climate and has poor cold resistance. When planted in northern regions, the branches are prone to freezing damage.
Abelia chinensis cultivation methods and precautions, introduction to Abelia chinensis
Abelia chinensis belongs to Caprifoliaceae, Abelia. Young branches are reddish brown, and the bark of small branches is torn. Leaves are ovate or ovate-elliptic, opposite, with sparse shallow teeth on the margin, and the base of the midvein on the leaf underside is densely covered with soft hairs. Cymes are terminal or axillary, flowers pink or white, fragrant, calyx covered with short soft hairs, 5-lobed about 5 mm long, corolla funnel-shaped, rows covered with soft hairs, stamens 4, exserted from the corolla. Achenes are about 5 mm long, with persistent 5 calyx lobes at the apex. The flowering period is July-August, and the fruit ripening period is October. Abelia chinensis likes a warm and humid climate and has poor cold resistance. When planted in northern regions, the branches are prone to freezing damage.
Morphological characteristics of Abelia chinensis: branches
Abelia chinensis is a deciduous, much-branched shrub, up to 2 m tall; young branches are slender, reddish brown, covered with short soft hairs, and the bark of old branches splits longitudinally. Leaves are sometimes in whorls of three, round-ovate to elliptic-ovate, apex acute or long-acuminate, base rounded or cordate, 2-5 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, margin sparsely round-serrate, initially sparsely covered with short soft hairs above, densely covered with white long soft hairs on the base of the main vein and lateral veins below, and the leaves on the upper part of flowering branches gradually become smaller upward.
Leaves
Abelia chinensis is a thin-leaved, much-branched shrub, up to 2 m tall. Young branches are covered with fine hairs, reddish brown, and the bark of old branches splits longitudinally. Leaves are opposite, sometimes in whorls of 3; petiole 1-5 mm long; leaf blade round-ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2-5 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, apex acute or short-acuminate, base rounded or cordate, margin sparsely round-serrate, sparsely covered with short hairs above, and densely covered with soft hairs along the base of the midvein and lateral veins below.
Flowers
The cymes of Abelia chinensis are borne in the leaf axils of the upper part of small branches, and many inflorescences gather into a panicle; the common peduncle is covered with short soft hairs and is smooth in the fruiting stage; flowers are fragrant, with 3 pairs of bracteoles; calyx tube cylindrical, covered with short soft hairs, slightly flattened, with longitudinal stripes, calyx limb 5-lobed, lobes elliptic or obovate-oblong, about 5 mm long, curved red in the fruiting stage; corolla white to pink, funnel-shaped, 1-1.2 cm long, with fine hairs outside, lobes 5, round-ovate; stamens 4, exserted from the corolla; style slender, stigma disc-shaped.
The flowering period of Abelia chinensis is July-August.
Fruit
The fruit of Abelia chinensis is about 5 mm long, covered with short soft hairs, crowned with persistent and slightly enlarged calyx lobes.
The fruiting period of Abelia chinensis is October.
Ecological habits of Abelia chinensis
Abelia chinensis is common in mountainous areas at an altitude of 170-1500 m; north of the Yangtze River, it is cultivated only in parks, courtyards, botanical gardens and greenhouses.
Abelia chinensis likes a warm and humid climate and has poor cold resistance. When planted in northern regions, the branches are prone to freezing damage. It likes light and is shade-tolerant. It has no strict requirements for soil conditions and has a certain adaptability. It has strong drought tolerance and tolerance to poor soil, grows vigorously, has a well-developed root system, and has strong sprouting and budding ability.
Cultivation techniques of Abelia chinensis
Abelia chinensis is mostly propagated by sowing and cuttings.
Seeds are collected after maturing in autumn, stored in sand, and sown in the following spring. Seedlings emerge 30-40 days after sowing, and they can leave the nursery after 1 year of cultivation. For cuttings, hardwood can be used in spring. Cut branches into 10-15 cm long cuttings, insert them into a sand bed, maintain humidity, and move them into the seedbed once roots grow.
In summer, softwood branches can be collected, retaining a pair of upper leaves. Before cultivation, apply organic fertilizer to the soil, and properly prune transplanted seedlings. Apply topdressing twice in each growing season, once in spring, and once with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before flowering in early summer.
Propagation by sowing
After germination promotion, disinfect the germinated seeds with a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, then sow in mid-to-late September. The sowing rate of 0.7 kg/m2 is most suitable for ground diameter, seedling height and emergence quantity. The width of the sowing bed surface is 1 m. After sowing, cover with 4 cm of soil and lightly press. In late October, cover the bed surface with leaves and grass at a thickness of 5 cm, then cover the leaves with 1 cm-2 cm thick soil as winter cold protection treatment. In mid-April of the following year, remove the covering on the bed surface so that the seedlings can grow normally.
1. Sowing time: autumn sowing from early October to early November; spring sowing from mid-April to early May.
2. Sowing methods include broadcast sowing, drill sowing and hole sowing. For broadcast sowing, evenly scatter the seeds on the bed surface, cover with 4-5 cm of soil and press. For drill sowing, the row spacing is 10 cm, open furrows 5-6 cm deep, evenly scatter the seeds in the furrows, cover with 4-5 cm of soil and press. For hole sowing, the plant and row spacing is 8 cm x 10 cm, depth 5-6 cm, place one seed per hole with the hilum facing downward, cover with 4-5 cm of soil and press. Water thoroughly before sowing.
3. Sowing rate: for broadcast sowing and drill sowing, the sowing rate is 130-200 kg/667 sq m, and for hole sowing it is 100-130 kg/667 sq m.
Field management
Irrigation
Because the seeds and fruits are large and the soil covering is thick, a certain humidity is needed. Generally, keeping the soil 1 cm below the surface moist is sufficient. If it is not particularly dry, there is no need to water every day. Before the seedlings emerge, there is no need to water, to prevent soil compaction, which can cause difficulty in emerging or seed rot and failure.
Root cutting and sowing
After root cutting and sowing, seedlings emerge in 15-20 days. When 4 true leaves have emerged, cut off the main root, leaving the main root 6 cm long, which can promote fibrous root growth. After root cutting, the soil should be compacted and watered.
Thinning
Thinning: final thinning is carried out when seedling height enters the rapid growth period. Remove diseased and weak seedlings, thin out overly dense seedlings, and at the same time replant missing or broken rows. After thinning and replanting, irrigate to prevent wind from damaging seedling roots. The retained seedling density is 60-80 plants/sq m.
Loosening soil and weeding
For loosening soil and weeding, manual weeding is used to keep the bed surface free of weeds. Weeding is combined with soil loosening, and the loosening depth is 2-8 cm, to facilitate normal seedling growth.
Mongolian oak seedlings
They have the habit of 3 growth flushes in the same year. Two topdressings are used: the first topdressing after the first growth stop, around June 20, ammonium nitrate 5 g per sq m; the second topdressing after the second growth stop of the seedlings, around late July, ammonium nitrate 7 g per sq m.
Lifting seedlings
For autumn lifting, carry out trenching and winter heel-in; for spring lifting, they can overwinter in the original ridges without additional cold protection measures.
Main maintenance points
"Abelia chinensis" is native to China. It likes light, is relatively shade-tolerant, and fears strong sunlight exposure; it likes a warm, humid climate and is slightly cold-tolerant; it has no strict requirements for soil and can grow in both acidic and neutral soils, but fertile sandy loam is suitable. It has a certain tolerance to drought and poor soil. "Abelia chinensis" has very strong sprouting and budding ability, a well-developed root system, vigorous growth, and strong adaptability. It can be propagated by sowing or cuttings.
1. In this period, vegetative growth and reproductive growth occur together, and flowers continue to appear between young shoots and leaf axils. When the average temperature is above 7°C, branch tips begin to grow, and young flowering branch inflorescences and vegetative branch inflorescences grow. The leaves of flowering branch inflorescences degenerate, the branch length is 1 cm to 5 cm, bearing 20 to more than 30 large and small flower buds.
Vegetative branch inflorescences have 2 to 8 leaves and also bear 6 to more than 20 large and small flower buds, distributed separately in the leaf axils of purplish red young branch tips. At the same time, flower buds already formed in the leaf axils of lignified branches also open successively as axillary flowers, all in cyme form. The flowers in this period are white, 4 mm to 6 mm in diameter, with a slightly faint fragrance.
2. In March and April, as the temperature rises, axillary flowers and young shoot flowers open at the same time, and the fragrance becomes stronger. In September, when the temperature drops to about 20°C, new shoots successively lignify, and mainly lignified leaf axil inflorescences appear. Multiple compound bud inflorescences branching from opposite leaf axils of lignified branches bloom one after another, and abundant flowers continue to bloom. At this time, the flower color is pale yellow, and the flower diameter is 6 mm to 10 mm. Because the flower quantity is relatively large and the temperature is suitable, the amount of aromatic substances released is also large, so the fragrance is very strong.
3. When the temperature is above 22°C, for summer shoots that have already shown flower buds (buds), due to the high temperature and rapid vegetative growth, flower buds are inhibited, and young shoots and new shoots show buds but not flowers. When the temperature is above 25°C, flower buds disappear, and new shoots and young shoots have neither buds nor flowers. However, if rainy weather occurs, axillary flowers may also appear, and on the old stems of the main and lateral branches of mature trees, a small number of adventitious flowers still open. This period is the light-flowering season for Abelia chinensis, but because the temperature is relatively high, the axillary flowers and adventitious flowers that appear have a very rich and distant fragrance.
The ecological characteristics of Abelia chinensis can be summarized as follows: it is most suitable for planting in places with an annual average temperature of 10°C to 15°C, a minimum temperature of -2°C, and an extreme maximum temperature not exceeding 25°C. It likes a sunny, cool and humid climate, has wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, and grows well in neutral to slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter, with luxuriant branches and abundant flowers.
When transplanting seedlings, soil should be kept around the roots, and the transplanted plants should be properly pruned and shaped. Apply fertilizer once before spring budding, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once more before flowering in early summer. In autumn, when the weather is dry, water in time to keep the soil moist.
Propagation methods of Abelia chinensis
Abelia chinensis is mostly propagated by sowing and cuttings. Seeds are collected after maturing in autumn, stored in sand, and sown in the following spring. Seedlings emerge 30-40 days after sowing, and they can leave the nursery after 1 year of cultivation. For cuttings, hardwood can be used in spring. Cut branches into 10-15 cm long cuttings, insert them into a sand bed, maintain humidity, and move them into the seedbed once roots grow.
In summer, softwood branches can be collected, retaining a pair of upper leaves, and inserted into a full-light mist cutting bed, maintaining air humidity, and they root in about 1 month. Transplanting seedlings can be done after leaf fall or before budding. To keep seedlings growing vigorously, apply organic fertilizer to the soil before cultivation, and properly prune transplanted seedlings. Apply topdressing twice in each growing season, once in spring, and once with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer before flowering in early summer. In dry seasons, irrigate in time to keep the soil moist. During the winter dormant period, adjust and prune the tree shape according to tree vigor, to maintain the tree shape and branch renewal.
Disease control of Abelia chinensis: disease control
The common ones are leaf spot and powdery mildew.
Control methods
It can be controlled by spraying with 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times solution.
Pest control
Pests include geometer moths and nymphalid butterflies.
Control methods
Spray with 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times solution to kill them.
Distribution area of Abelia chinensis
Abelia chinensis is widely distributed in the provinces and regions south of the Yangtze River in China, in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, China, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.
Medicinal or dietary therapeutic value of Abelia chinensis
The medical information and health dietary therapy information on Hugarden is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis or medical treatment. For any health problems, consult professional medical staff, and for the treatment of any disease, follow doctor's advice.
Ultimate flower-protecting task: to love yourself, start from reality and strictly follow doctor's advice. For illness, do not be careless, do not delay, do not give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and care for the flower field in your heart with your heart.
Pharmacological effects
Source
First recorded in "An Illustrated Book of Plant Names and Reality".
Medicinal material source
It is the stem and leaves of the Caprifoliaceae plant Abelia chinensis.
Harvesting and storage
It can be harvested in spring, summer and autumn, used fresh or cut into sections and dried in the sun.
Nature and flavor
Bitter in taste; cool in nature
Functions and indications
Clearing heat and detoxifying; cooling blood and stopping bleeding. Mainly for damp-heat dysentery; carbuncles, abscesses, sores and boils; nosebleed; coughing blood; vomiting blood; bloody stool; streaming stone shockingly; traumatic injury
Usage and dosage
Internal use: decoct in water, 6-15 g; or pound fresh product for juice. External use: appropriate amount, decoct in water for washing or pound for topical application.
Various discussions
1. "An Illustrated Book of Plant Names and Reality": tea strip tree, extremely abundant on mountain slopes in Jiangxi and Huguang. Clustered, about 1 chi tall, ochre stem, with thorns near the root. Opposite leaves attached to the stem, leaves like those of plum but shorter and smaller. At the tip it opens five-petaled small tubular flowers, resembling Daphne genkwa but white; before opening they are ochre-colored tubes, more than a hundred in a cluster, not very bright, opening in summer, and still present in late autumn.
2. "Outline of New China Materia Medica": has the function of clearing heat and detoxifying, and stopping bleeding.
Excerpt: "Chinese Materia Medica"
Garden uses of Abelia chinensis
Abelia chinensis has a clustered tree shape, with slender and soft branches. Large inflorescences are borne at the front of the branches, and the small flowers are white and elegant, sending out waves of fragrance. Its flowering period coincides with the flower-scarce season of summer and autumn, the flowering period is long, and the floral fragrance is rich, making it a rare autumn-flowering tree. It can be planted in groups or rows, trained into a flower hedge, or planted beside ponds, along roadsides, on lawns and other places as an accent.
Tolerant to pruning, easy to shape
Abelia chinensis has strong branching ability and is suitable for pruning and shaping. Slightly cutting back the branches can promote lateral buds to sprout and branch. In addition, the leaves are relatively small and the internodes are short, so a compact and full crown can be achieved in a short time. In addition, the small branches are relatively soft and suitable for binding and shaping.
Strong adaptability, easy management
Abelia chinensis likes sunlight and has poor cold resistance. It is distributed in Beijing, Hebei, Zhejiang and other provinces, and is also cultivated in northern regions, with only slight freezing damage when winter temperatures are too low. Generally, it can overwinter safely. Abelia chinensis has no strict requirements for soil and can be planted in ordinary sandy loam. Water and fertilizer management are also very easy. During the growing period, applying a complete fertilizer once every 15-30 days can promote more branching and more flowering.
High ornamental value
Through pruning and shaping, Abelia chinensis has abundant branches and dense leaves and a compact crown. Before flowering, the leaf and form effects are both good. Entering July, Abelia chinensis blooms successively, and large and dense white or pink inflorescences cover the entire crown. The flowering period can continue until October. After the petals fall, the pinkish brown sepals remain on the branches for a long time, looking from a distance like blooming inflorescences, very beautiful.
Uses and purposes of Abelia chinensis: ornamental value
Abelia chinensis has graceful drooping branches and a dancing tree posture. When flowering, the flowers are dense at the branch tips, and the flower color is white with red. It is suitable both for mixed planting in gardens, beside ponds, along roadsides and at wall corners, and for group planting as flower hedges and flower paths. If dotted at the edge of evergreen forests, it is especially pleasing to the eye.
This species has many and dense flowers, a long flowering period, and the persistent calyx lobes in the fruiting period turn red. It is cold-tolerant and is an elegant ornamental plant, often cultivated in courtyards.
Specimens from Ruyuan, Guangdong and some specimens from Xichou and Yanshan, Yunnan were once identified as a new species by some domestic scholars. However, these are all fruiting-stage specimens. Apart from larger, leathery leaves and thicker branches, they are not much different from Abelia chinensis.
The artificial hybrid Abelia x grandiflora (Andre) Rehd. (A. chinensis R. Br. x A. uniflora R. Br.) is a semi-evergreen shrub with 2-5 calyx lobes, occasionally cultivated in domestic courtyards.
Application value
Abelia chinensis is a clustered shrub with soft, graceful drooping branches and a dancing tree posture. When flowering, small white flowers are dense at the branch tips, pure and lovely. It is suitable for planting beside ponds, along roadsides, at wall corners, on lawns and at forest edges. It can be group planted or row planted and pruned into flower hedges.
Abelia chinensis pictures