How Does the Yellow Water Lily Reproduce? A Detailed Guide to Yellow Water Lily Propagation Methods

Livestock Farming Jan 1, 1970 0 views

Many people often confuse water lilies with yellow water lilies (Nuphar), but they are actually two different plants. The yellow water lily is not demanding about soil and tolerates low temperatures; during its dormant period the temperature must be kept at 0-5°C. Yellow water lily propagation can be divided into two types: sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

Yellow Water Lily

Sexual reproduction:Seeds collected and stored the previous year are artificially sprouted in the spring of the following year. The sowing soil is clean mud, with a pH between 6.5-7.0. Add fertilizer (decomposed sesame cake, bean cake, etc. are all fine) and mix evenly. After soaking in water for 3-5 d (it is best to sprinkle a layer of sand on the surface of the mud), add water to a depth of 3-5 cm. Once the water has settled clear, scatter the pre-sprouted seeds into it. Add and change water promptly according to the growth of the seedlings, and only transplant once the seedlings have grown small coin-shaped leaves (floating leaves).

When transplanting, the row spacing is 10 cm per plant and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, and management during the seedling stage should be strengthened. Once the plants have grown to 4-6 floating leaves (more than 8 cm wide), they can be planted out. The planting-out method is one plant per tank (1 plant/sq m). If planting in a large ornamental area where the soil is also fertile, they can be planted at 1 plant per 2 m. When yellow water lily seeds are stored at 3-5°C, the storage results are better, and the germination rate the following year reaches more than 80%.

Asexual reproduction:Asexual reproduction is by rhizome propagation and division propagation. Propagation is carried out in March-April: tubers with the main bud are cut into 6-8 cm lengths, and side buds are cut into 3-4 cm lengths, to serve as propagation material. Division propagation is carried out in May-June: tubers with the main bud are cut into 6-8 cm lengths, then yellow leaves and some old leaves are removed, and some adventitious roots are retained for planting. The plants propagated by division quickly enter the growth stage under conditions of sufficient nutrients, that is, they can flower and set seed in the same year.

Yellow Water Lily Cultivation Methods and Yellow Water Lily Propagation Techniques

Compared with water lilies, people are relatively unfamiliar with the yellow water lily. The yellow water lily has especially beautiful flowers and leaves and can be used as a household potted plant. So how do you grow a yellow water lily? What are its propagation techniques? Let's learn about them together below.

I. Yellow Water Lily Cultivation Methods

1. Temperature: Temperature has an extremely important relationship with the growth and development of Nuphar. During this period, the water source must be kept flowing. The most suitable temperature for Nuphar plants: the monthly average temperature range is 16.5-24-29-13°C. When the daily average temperature (late November or early December) is about 10°C, the plant stops growing.

2. Light: Light has little effect on the growth and development of the yellow water lily. It can grow normally under the light conditions of Wuhan.

3. Soil: The yellow water lily is not very strict about soil pH and can grow and develop normally under conditions of pH=5.5-7.5. However, fertility has a close relationship with it: when the soil is fertile, there are many flowers, the colors are gorgeous, the flowering period is long, the entire plant grows vigorously, and the ornamental period is long; otherwise, it loses its ornamental value.

4. Selection of tanks and ponds: We choose planting conditions of a tank height of 65 cm, a tank inner diameter of 65-80 cm, and a pond inner diameter of 1×1 m or 2×2 m with a depth of 60 cm.

5. Pest and disease control: To control water silk (algae), copper sulfate can be sprayed into the water; the spray concentration is 3-5 mg/L at the seedling stage and 30-50 mg/L at the mature seedling stage. For aphids, 1000-1200 times trichlorfon, dichlorvos, or 50% dimethoate emulsion at 2000 times can all achieve an insecticidal effect. For pests such as the tobacco cutworm, 1000-1500 times deltamethrin sprayed on the leaf surface can achieve an insecticidal effect. For snails, tea cake, quicklime, yellow ginger powder, etc. can all achieve an insecticidal effect. There is also the field management method, that is, continuously removing water silk and weeds.

II. Yellow Water Lily Propagation Techniques

Sexual reproduction: Seeds collected and stored the previous year are artificially sprouted in the spring of the following year. The sowing soil is clean mud, with a pH between 6.5-7.0. Add fertilizer (decomposed sesame cake, bean cake, etc. are all fine) and mix evenly. After soaking in water for 3-5 d (it is best to sprinkle a layer of sand on the surface of the mud), add water to a depth of 3-5 cm. Once the water has settled clear, scatter the pre-sprouted seeds into it. Add and change water promptly according to the growth of the seedlings, and only transplant once the seedlings have grown small coin-shaped leaves (floating leaves).

Asexual reproduction: Asexual reproduction is by rhizome propagation and division propagation. Propagation is carried out in March-April: tubers with the main bud are cut into 6-8 cm lengths, and side buds are cut into 3-4 cm lengths, to serve as propagation material. Division propagation is carried out in May-June: tubers with the main bud are cut into 6-8 cm lengths, then yellow leaves and some old leaves are removed, and some adventitious roots are retained for planting. The plants propagated by division quickly enter the growth stage under conditions of sufficient nutrients, that is, they can flower and set seed in the same year.

The above isYellow Water Lily Cultivation Methodsand an introduction to yellow water lily propagation techniques. We hope it is helpful to everyone in better cultivating their own potted yellow water lilies.

Does the Yellow Water Lily Wither in Winter? Yellow Water Lily Cultivation Methods

The yellow water lily is a perennial floating-leaf aquatic herbaceous plant, suitable for growing in water 30-60 cm deep, and it stops growing when the temperature drops below 12°C. So does the yellow water lily wither in winter? South of the Yangtze River, it does not need cold protection to overwinter; in the north, if winter cold protection is not carried out, the yellow water lily will wither. Below, let's take a look together at the yellow water lily cultivation methods and other related information.

Does the yellow water lily wither in winter?

The yellow water lily likes to grow in a warm, humid environment with ample sunlight. It is not strict about soil selection and tolerates low temperatures; soil that is fertile and slightly clayey is best. It is suitable for growing in water 30-60 cm deep, and the deepest should not exceed 1 m. The suitable growth temperature is 15-32°C, and it stops growing when the temperature drops below 12°C. It tolerates low temperatures; south of the Yangtze River it does not need cold protection to overwinter and can overwinter in open-air ponds; in the north, it needs protection to overwinter in winter, and the dormant period temperature only needs to be kept at 0-5°C.

Introduction to the Yellow Water Lily

The yellow water lily is a perennial floating-leaf aquatic herbaceous plant, with a thick, block-like rhizome that lies horizontally. The leaves are of two types; the floating leaves are papery or nearly leathery, round to ovate, 8-17 cm long, entire, with the base split into a deep heart shape.

The upper surface of the yellow water lily leaf is green and glossy, and the underside is convex with soft hairs. The lateral veins are fine, with several dichotomous branches, and the petiole is cylindrical. The submerged leaves are thin and soft. The flower is solitary, with a cylindrical flower stalk rising above the water surface; the flower buds are spherical and green. There are 5 sepals, obovate and wedge-shaped, yellow, petal-like.

I. Morphological Characteristics

The yellow water lily is a perennial floating-leaf aquatic herbaceous plant. The rhizome is thick and block-like, lying horizontally. The leaves are of two types; the floating leaves are papery or nearly leathery, round to ovate, 8-17 cm long, entire, with the base split into a deep heart shape. The upper surface of the leaf is green and glossy, and the underside is convex with soft hairs. The lateral veins are fine, with several dichotomous branches, and the petiole is cylindrical. The submerged leaves are thin and soft. The flower is solitary, with a cylindrical flower stalk rising above the water surface; the flower buds are spherical and green. There are 5 sepals, obovate and wedge-shaped, yellow, petal-like.

There are 10-20 petals, narrowly wedge-shaped, resembling sterile stamens, and they fall off; the stamens are numerous, borne on the receptacle at the base of the ovary inside the petals, and they fall off. There are 12-15 carpels, united into a superior ovary, with distinct carpel boundaries, each forming a stigma at the tip, so that the stigmas of the pistil form a radiating disk shape. The number of ovary chambers is the same as the number of carpels, with numerous ovules borne on the septum. The berry is ovate, 3 cm long, with persistent sepals, and splits irregularly. The seeds are oblong, yellow-brown, and glossy. The flowering period is May-July, and the fruiting period is July-September.

Guizhou yellow water lily (Nuphar sinensis) has nearly round or ovate leaves and a smaller plant form. Chinese yellow water lily (Nuphar sinensis) has heart-ovate leaves and large flowers, with a flower diameter of 5-6 cm, and the stalk extends about 20 cm above the water surface, with extremely high ornamental value.

Eurasian yellow water lily (Nuphar lutea) has large leaves, thickly leathery, elliptical. Taiwan yellow water lily (Nuphar shimadai) has oblong or ovate leaves.

Flower: The flowering period of the Taiwan yellow water lily is throughout the year. The flowers have round pedicels with long white soft hairs; the outermost part of the flower is the sepals, which are greenish or dark red, with five sepals, each about 1.6 cm long and 0.8-1.2 cm wide. The next whorl inward is the petals; the petals are not very obvious, are linear, about 10 in number, yellow, about 5-6 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide, and resemble the stamens. Inside the petals are the stamens, about 30 in number, yellow, with anthers about 3 mm long and filaments about 7 mm long; the anthers are obvious and clearly distinguished from the petals. The central stigma spreads flat at the top into a disk shape, with 6-10 lobes, and in some species it is completely united, red. Of the about 20 species of Nuphar worldwide, this is the only one with a red pistil; the part from below the stigma to the ovary narrows like a bottleneck, though some species do not have this.

Leaves: The floating leaves are nearly round, with a V-shaped notch at the base, about 10-12 cm long and 7-10 cm wide, and the lower surface has many short hairs; the petiole is triangular in cross-section and expands into a wing-like shape at the base.

Fruit and seeds: The fruit is urn-shaped, about 2 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The seeds are ovate, grass-green, shaped like mung beans, about 3-4 mm long and 2 mm wide.

Rhizome: The rhizome of the Taiwan yellow water lily is thick, cylindrical, and the underground stem runs horizontally about one meter deep in the mud at the bottom of the water, with a diameter reaching 2 cm; the mature underground stem is white, with a diameter of about 3 cm.

Floral characteristics: The most obvious outer part is the sepals; the outside of the sepals is often green or dark red. The next whorl inward is the petals; its petals are very inconspicuous and closely resemble the stamens, so they are not easy to distinguish without careful observation. Further inward are the numerous stamens, which have obvious anthers and can be clearly distinguished from the petals. At the center is the pistil; the stigma at the tip of the pistil spreads out to form a plate-like shape, and in some species it is completely united. The stigma of the Taiwan yellow water lily has 6-10 lobes, and the part from below the stigma to the ovary narrows like a bottleneck, though some species do not have this.

Yellow Water Lily Cultivation Techniques

1. Temperature

Temperature has an extremely important relationship with the growth and development of Nuphar. The average temperature in Wuhan from April to July is 16.5-21.7°C, which is most suitable for cultivating seedlings at the seedling stage; when the average temperature in August exceeds 29°C, it has a certain effect on the growth and development of the plant; when the temperature remains at 38°C for a long time, the plant stops growing or grows extremely slowly; when the temperature is above 42°C and the surface temperature is 53°C, the water temperature rises accordingly, and leaf rot will occur, and in severe cases it will cause the death of the plant. Therefore, during this period, the water source must be kept flowing. The most suitable temperature for Nuphar plants: the monthly average temperature range is 16.5—24—29—13°C. When the daily average temperature (late November or early December) is about 10°C, the plant stops growing.

2. Light

Light has little effect on the growth and development of the yellow water lily. It can grow normally under the light conditions of Wuhan.

3. Soil

The yellow water lily is not very strict about soil pH and can grow and develop normally under conditions of pH=5.5-7.5. However, fertility has a close relationship with it: when the soil is fertile, there are many flowers, the colors are gorgeous, the flowering period is long, the entire plant grows vigorously, and the ornamental period is long; otherwise, it loses its ornamental value.

4. Selection of tanks and ponds

We choose planting conditions of a tank height of 65 cm, a tank inner diameter of 65-80 cm, and a pond inner diameter of 1×1 m or 2×2 m with a depth of 60 cm.

Yellow Water Lily Cultivation Methods

I. Construction and Planting

Choose an environment with deep topsoil, loose and fertile soil, and ample sunlight for construction and planting. The construction methods for yellow water lilies are divided into two forms: direct planting and planting in bags of imported soil. The rhizomes and petioles of the yellow water lily are slender; to increase the survival rate, whole-plant transplanting is often carried out.

The direct planting method is suitable for construction environments with superior conditions where the water depth is below 80 cm. During construction, the rhizomes of the yellow water lily are planted directly into the soil layer. The yellow water lily has strong adaptability; when constructed during the growing season, it generally recovers growth 10 days after construction and can bloom in about 25 days.

However, for construction areas where the topsoil is too loose or too shallow for direct planting, or where the water level is too deep and fluctuates greatly, the form of planting in bags of imported soil is often used for construction and planting. Planting in bags of imported soil uses non-woven bags or plant-growing bags as the carrier, with fertile loam or pond mud as the substrate, and the base of the yellow water lily rhizome is tightly tied inside the bag, exposing the terminal bud. They are placed into the water of the construction area according to construction requirements. The root system of yellow water lilies planted in bags of imported soil can penetrate the bag body and take root in the topsoil layer; therefore, the survival rate after planting is higher than that of direct planting.

When growing yellow water lilies as potted water features, use pond mud or decomposed organic matter plus garden soil as the cultivation substrate. After planting, place them in a shallow-water area for maintenance, and once growth has recovered, move them into the landscape area for routine care and management; management is extensive.

II. Disease and Pest Control of the Yellow Water Lily

During the growth period, the yellow water lily is also often attacked by large numbers of aphids, which can be sprayed with 1000-1200 times trichlorfon, dichlorvos, or 50% dimethoate emulsion at 200 times. Snails can be controlled with tea cake, carbofuran, and quicklime.

To control water silk (algae), copper sulfate can be sprayed into the water; the spray concentration is 3-5 mg/L at the seedling stage and 30-50 mg/L at the mature seedling stage. For aphids, 1000-1200 times trichlorfon, dichlorvos, or 50% dimethoate emulsion at 2000 times can all achieve an insecticidal effect. For pests such as the tobacco cutworm, 1000-1500 times deltamethrin sprayed on the leaf surface can achieve an insecticidal effect. For snails, tea cake, quicklime, yellow ginger powder, etc. can all achieve an insecticidal effect. There is also the field management method, that is, continuously removing water silk and weeds.

Yellow Water Lily Propagation Methods

In addition to the underground stem continuously producing new buds and branches through vegetative reproduction, seeds play a more important role in reproduction and dispersal. After the fruit matures, it splits open, revealing the white endocarp, and the seeds are wrapped within this endocarp. This white endocarp is sponge-like and slightly sticky, which can help the seeds float on the water surface for a period of time, and finally the seeds are completely released and sink to the bottom. The seeds can germinate as long as they are at a suitable temperature, and there is no dormancy problem. Seeds are an important mechanism for the dispersal of the yellow water lily, while the underground stem is its most advantageous way of expanding its territory and occupying ground after it reaches a new place.

1. Sexual reproduction

Seeds collected and stored the previous year are artificially sprouted in the spring of the following year. The sowing soil is clean mud, with a pH between 6.5-7.0. Add fertilizer (decomposed sesame cake, bean cake, etc. are all fine) and mix evenly. After soaking in water for 3-5 d (it is best to sprinkle a layer of sand on the surface of the mud), add water to a depth of 3-5 cm. Once the water has settled clear, scatter the pre-sprouted seeds into it. Add and change water promptly according to the growth of the seedlings, and only transplant once the seedlings have grown small coin-shaped leaves (floating leaves).

2. Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction is by rhizome propagation and division propagation. Propagation is carried out in March-April: tubers with the main bud are cut into 6-8 cm lengths, and side buds are cut into 3-4 cm lengths, to serve as propagation material. Division propagation is carried out in May-June: tubers with the main bud are cut into 6-8 cm lengths, then yellow leaves and some old leaves are removed, and some adventitious roots are retained for planting. The plants propagated by division quickly enter the growth stage under conditions of sufficient nutrients, that is, they can flower and set seed in the same year.

How Does the Yellow Water Lily Reproduce? A Detailed Guide to Yellow Water Lily Propagation Methods

Yellow Water Lily Cultivation Methods and Yellow Water Lily Propagation Techniques

Does the Yellow Water Lily Wither in Winter? Yellow Water Lily Cultivation Methods

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