What are the properties of commonly used fungicides? A detailed explanation of the characteristics of several agents

1. Carbendazim Also known as cotton wilt cure, MBC. CARBENDAZIM. Physicochemical properties: the technical material is a light brown powder, insoluble in water and general solvents, soluble in dilute inorganic acids and organic acids, relatively stable to heat, unstable to acids and bases. Formulations: 25%, 50% wettable powder, 40% suspension concentrate. Target pests and method of use: Carbendazim is a highly effective, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum systemic fungicide with protective and curative action. It has toxic activity against most pathogenic fungi among Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes, has a long residual period, and is suitable for controlling various diseases on crops such as grain, cotton, oil crops, fruit trees, vegetables, edible fungi and flowers. It can be mixed with various fungicides and insecticides, but must not be mixed with copper-containing formulations. 2. Zineb Also known as MANCOZEB. Physicochemical properties: the technical material is a pale yellow powder, low volatility, insoluble in water and also insoluble in most organic solvents, soluble in pyridine, strongly hygroscopic, slowly decomposes after absorbing moisture, easily decomposes when exposed to light and heat, easily decomposes under alkaline conditions, and decomposes faster when exposed to copper salts. Formulations: 80% wettable powder. Target pests and method of use: a broad-spectrum protective fungicide with strong contact action against pathogens, mainly used for foliar spraying. It can effectively prevent pathogens from invading the plant body, but has no toxic action against pathogens that have already invaded the plant body. The residual period is about one week; when necessary, repeat application every 7-10 days, and decide the number of applications according to the disease situation. 3. Mancozeb Also known as MANCOZEB. Physicochemical properties: the technical powder is a grayish-yellow powder, insoluble in water and most organic solvents, easily decomposes when exposed to acidic or alkaline substances, easily decomposes when exposed to high temperature in air and when damp, and can cause combustion. Target pests and method of use: a broad-spectrum protective fungicide, commonly used for foliar spraying. It is suitable to apply the first treatment before disease onset, and the number of applications should be decided according to the disease situation, with an interval of 7-14 days each time. It has very good control effects on various crop diseases caused by Phytophthora of Oomycetes, Cercospora and Ascochyta of Deuteromycotina, and is often used mixed with systemic fungicides. It can delay the development of pathogen resistance. 4. Fosetyl-aluminium Also known as aluminum ethylphosphonate, phosethyl-Al, ALIETTE. Physicochemical properties: white powder, low volatility, easily soluble in water, solubility in water at 20°C is 120 g/liter, easily decomposes when exposed to strong acids and strong bases. Formulations: 40%, 805 wettable powder, 90% soluble powder, 30% suspension concentrate. Target pests and method of use: this product is a highly effective, low-toxicity systemic fungicide. After being absorbed by plant leaves or roots, it can be translocated downward or upward to exert protective and curative action. It is suitable for controlling diseases caused by Plasmopara, Phytophthora and Peronospora on crops such as fruit trees, vegetables, cash crops and flowers. Mixing fosetyl-aluminium with thiram, carbendazim, mancozeb, etc. can improve the control effect and expand the control spectrum. This agent is mainly used for foliar spraying, shallow soil drenching and root soaking. 5. Thiophanate-methyl Also known as methyl thiophanate, THIOPHANATEMETHYL. Physicochemical properties: pale yellow crystals, poorly soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents, stable to acids and bases. Formulations: 70% soluble powder, 50% suspension concentrate. Target pests and method of use: thiophanate-methyl is a highly effective, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum systemic fungicide with protective and curative action. After entering the plant body, it is converted into the fungicidally active carbendazim. It has a long residual period and can be mixed with various insecticides and fungicides, but must not be mixed with copper-containing formulations. 6. Chlorothalonil Also known as: CHLORTHALONIL. Physicochemical properties: the technical material is a light yellow powder with a slightly irritating odor, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and xylene, and stable to light, acids and bases. Formulations: 75% wettable powder, 10% emulsifiable concentrate Target pests and method of use: chlorothalonil is a broad-spectrum fungicide, mainly with protective action and some curative action, with a long residual period. It is suitable for controlling various fungal diseases on crops such as fruit trees, vegetables and flowers. (Kuaixue Shiqing)