How to apply medication for bacterial diseases to achieve good control results

　　Orchidbacterial diseases: including leaf spot disease.soft rotdisease. Fusarium wilt, and so on. Bacterial diseases, as manifested onorchids, have the characteristics of being highly concealed, developing quickly, and causing great harm. Once infected, with the slightest neglect, there is a possibility that the entire pot oforchidswill be destroyed, especiallysoft rotdisease, which is even more severe in harm, with the familiar lesson of turning pale at the mention of rot. How to deal with bacterial diseases: on the basis of focusing on prevention, mastering the medication methods of early treatment, quick treatment, and thorough treatment will bring things back to life and turn misfortune into blessings. The technical requirements for using fungicides are higher than those for insecticides, so they are relatively more difficult to master. According to the division of agents by their role in disease control, fungicides are roughly divided into three categories: Protective fungicides: This type of fungicide can protect the treated parts not yet infected by pathogens from infection. It must be sprayed before the crop comes into contact with the disease or before the disease occurs to be effective, such as copper formulations (Bordeaux mixture), sulfur formulations (lime sulfur), maneb, etc. Eradicant fungicides: This type of agent can directly kill pathogens before invasion and treat treated parts that have already been infected, and often has a disinfecting effect. For example, using formalin to disinfect pathogen-carrying seeds. Therapeutic fungicides: Also called systemic fungicides. After being absorbed and translocated by plants, this type of fungicide can prevent the development of pathogens in various parts of the plant. Such as carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, kasugamycin, etc. Different types of fungicides have different methods of use. Systematic protection at the seed and seedling stage: Seeds and seedlings include seeds, tuberous roots, tubers, bulbs, cuttings, seedlings, nursery stock, and other organs used for propagation. Chemical treatment of soil: This belongs to overall or local protection. For example, varieties applied directly in seedbed soil include quintozene, etc. Soil treatment can use drenching, mixing by turning, and other methods. Foliar spraying: Foliar spraying has many dosage forms, such as dusts, micro-dusts, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, aqueous solutions, smoke agents, etc. Below are several bactericidal agents: I. Zhimycin Physicochemical properties: Zhimycin formulation is a yellow-white odorless powder, easily soluble in water. Toxicity: Low toxicity to higher animals. Dosage form: Powder. Target pests: This agent has good control effects on bacterial stripe disease, bacterial leaf blight, andsoft rotdisease. Method of use: To control bacterial stripe disease, begin use at the early stage of disease onset, use 3 times consecutively, each time using 10 million units of Zhimycin (1 small packet) per 666.6 sq m, add 50-75 kg of water and spray. For severely diseased orchid gardens, spray once every 10-15 days, for 5-7 consecutive sprays. To control leaf blight, at the early stage of disease onset use 10 million units of Zhimycin (1 small packet) per 666.6 sq m, add 50-75 kg of water and spray, and carry out a second spray after 10-14 days. For severe disease, spray 2-3 more times. To control soft rot, at the early stage of disease onset, spray with a 4000-fold dilution of Zhimycin. Precautions: (1) This agent cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides, agricultural antibiotics, or organophosphorus pesticides. (2) When using this agent, add 0.1% neutral laundry powder to the spray liquid to improve control efficacy. II. Saikuzuo Saikuzuo chemical name: N,N'-methylene-bis(2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole). Other names: Yeqingshuang, Yekuzuo, Chuanhua-018, Yekuning. Physicochemical properties: Saikuzuo is slightly soluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, ethanol, methanol, etc. Toxicity: Low toxicity to higher animals. Target pests: Saikuzuo is a systemic fungicide with protective and therapeutic effects. It is mainly used to control plant bacterial diseases, has special efficacy against leaf blight, and has a certain control effect on bacterial stripe disease. Residual effective period is 10-14 days. Method of use: To control leaf blight, use 100-150 g of 25% wettable powder per 666.6 sq m, add 40-50 kg of water and spray. When the disease is severe, the dosage may be appropriately increased. In seedling fields, apply once at the 4-5 leaf stage; after typhoons and heavy rain, drainage, washing of seedlings, protection of seedlings, and protective spraying should be carried out promptly. To control bacterial stripe disease, if typhoon weather occurs, spray promptly after the wind and rain to protect young shoots and young trees. Use a 500-750 fold dilution of 25% wettable powder, or a 400-500 fold dilution of 20% wettable powder, and spray enough liquid according to the size of the tree canopy. Precautions: (1) It is best to apply by mist spraying, and it should not be used as poisonous soil. (2) It must not be mixed with alkaline pesticides, so as to avoid decomposition and loss of efficacy. III. Oxolinic acid (oxolinic acid) Chemical name: 5-ethyl-5,8-dihydro-8-oxo(1,3)-dioxolo-(4,5g)-quinoline-7-carboxylic acid. Other names: S-0208. Physicochemical properties: This agent is soluble in sodium hydroxide solution and is difficult to dissolve in organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform, xylene, ethyl acetate, and in water. Toxicity: Low toxicity to higher animals. Dosage forms: 1% ultra-fine powder, 20% wettable powder. Target pests: This agent is a new type of fungicide used to control bacterial diseases. It has protective and therapeutic effects. It has relatively high control efficacy against soft rot and damping-off. Method of use: To control bacterial damping-off at the rice seedling stage, use 20% wettable powder. To control bacterial diseases, sheath brown stripe disease, soft rot, and canker, spray at the early stage of disease onset, once every 5-7 days, for 3-4 consecutive sprays. To control apple and pear fire blight and soft rot, spray once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays. Precautions: This agent is ineffective against fungal diseases. IV. Copper ammonia complex · zinc Main components: (1) tetraamminecopper sulfate, (2) tetraamminezinc sulfate; or (1) tetraamminecopper sulfate, (2) tetraamminezinc sulfate, (3) copper citrate. Other names: Hangkuning, Hangkuling. Toxicity: Low toxicity to higher animals. Dosage forms: 25.9%, 20% aqueous solution. Target pests: This agent is a mixed formulation and has good control effects on Fusarium wilt. Method of use: To control leaf blight and bacterial stripe disease, in the initial disease period in the field or in old disease areas before and after typhoons and heavy rain, spray once every 5-6 days, for 2 consecutive sprays. At the early stage of disease onset, spray with a 600-fold dilution of 25.9% aqueous solution, once every 10 days, for a total of 2 sprays. To control Fusarium wilt, at the early stage of disease onset, use a 500-600 fold dilution of 25.9% aqueous solution, pour 250 milliliters around the roots of each plant; or spray at 1000-fold. Depending on the disease condition, interval 7-10 days, for 3-4 consecutive sprays; a 400-600 fold solution of 20% aqueous solution may also be used, pouring 250 milliliters around the roots of each plant. Depending on the development of the disease, pour again after 7-10 days, for 3-4 consecutive pourings. V. Bashuang 1. Uses imported original drug from the United States, American technology, American formula; 2. Three-element compound formulation, broad bactericidal spectrum; 3. The product is 100% water-soluble, does not irritate the fruit surface, and does not pollute melons and vegetables; 4. Has four functions: protection, systemic translocation, treatment, and fumigation; 5. Has broad-spectrum, strong, and long-lasting bactericidal effects; 6. Both enters the crop internally through systemic action to kill pathogens; 7. And forms a protective film on the crop surface, preventing pathogen invasion and killing pathogens. Method of use: 1:2000 spray or drench, once a week during the disease period, for three consecutive uses. (Feixiang Orchid Garden)