A detailed explanation of the classification and naming of microorganisms
The classification and naming of microorganisms
Recently I read some posts and benefited a lot. But I noticed a small problem: quite a few people still do not quite understand the classification of microorganisms. Please allow me to point it out. Also, please allow me to show off my book learning for a moment (don't be annoyed, everyone): for example, one post was titled "Is stem rot a bacterial virus or a fungal virus?" (thanks to the author of that post for all their hard work). Bacteria are bacteria, fungi are fungi, and viruses are viruses; they are three parallel categories of microorganisms. Calling them as the title does makes things look a bit confusing. I think it would be more appropriate to call it "Is stem rot a bacterial disease or a fungal disease?"
So my bookish explanation is as follows:
Classification of microorganisms:
At the end of the 19th century, organisms were divided only into the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom. With the development of microbiology, it was thought that microorganisms did not belong to these two kingdoms, and the concept of the Protista kingdom was proposed. The Protista kingdom has two cell types, namely the eukaryotic cell type (Eukaryotic) and the prokaryotic cell type (Pokarytic). Fungi belong to the eukaryotic cell type, and bacteria belong to the prokaryotic cell type. Because viruses have no cell structure, they are called the non-cellular type.
1. Eukaryotic microorganisms: the degree of differentiation of the nucleus is relatively high, with a nuclear membrane, nucleolus and chromosomes. The cytoplasm contains complete organelles. Fungi belong to this category. Andorchidsthe related fungi are as follows:
1. Colletotrichum. Causesorchidanthracnose.
2. Phytophthora palmivora. Introducesorchidblight.
3. Fusarium. Causes orchid basal rot.
4. Pythium debaryanum. Causes orchid rot.
5. Rhizoctonia solani. Causes orchid root rot.
6. Sclerotium stem-leaf fungus. Causes orchid sclerotial disease.
7. Cylindrosporium pruni. Causes orchid leaf blight.
8. Phyllosticta fungus. Causes orchid leaf spot disease.
9. Cylindrosporium fungus. Causes orchid black spot disease.
10. Cercospora fungus. Causes orchid sandy spot disease.
11. Botrytis fungus. Causes orchid tip blight.
12. Sclerotium. Causes orchid southern blight.
13. Botrytis cinerea fungus. Causes orchid flower rot.
2. Prokaryotic microorganisms:
They have only a primitive nuclear structure, no nuclear membrane or nucleolus, and very few organelles. Most types of microorganisms belong to this category, such as bacteria, actinomycetes, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, chlamydiae and rickettsiae. Those closely related to orchids are bacteria, among which two are the most important:
1. soft rotErwinia. Causes bacterialsoft rotdisease in orchids.
2. Pseudomonas. Causes bacterial brown spot disease in orchids.
3. Non-nucleated cell type microorganisms: tiny in volume, able to pass through bacteria-removing filters, without cell structure, without a complete enzyme system, and must grow and reproduce inside living cells, with only nucleic acid and a protein capsid. There are many kinds of viruses related to orchids, which can be found by searching old posts. I will not go into further detail.