This year, 100 agricultural science and technology innovation and integration demonstration bases will be built nationwide
On October 10, the Ministry of Agriculture held a press conference. Tang Ke, Director of the Department of Science, Technology and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture, introduced the relevant situation of China's agricultural science and technology innovation and application, and answered questions from reporters.
The fourth-phase China super rice 100-mu plot yield exceeded 1000 kg
At the press conference, Tang Ke was the first to announce good news: on the morning of the 10th, the Ministry of Agriculture organized experts to conduct a yield measurement of the fourth-phase China super rice 1000 kg per mu breakthrough project led by Academician Yuan Longping. The yield measurement results showed that the fourth-phase super rice 100-mu plot in Xupu County, Hunan Province exceeded 1000 kg per mu, setting a new record of 1026.7 kg. This is the result of the joint efforts and long-term struggle of a large number of agricultural science and technology workers led by Academician Yuan Longping, and is also a tremendous contribution to the cause of agricultural science and technology.
New progress in agricultural science and technology has laid a solid foundation for the “ten consecutive increases” in grain output
Tang Ke said that in recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture has conscientiously implemented the innovation-driven development strategy and promoted innovation in the agricultural science and technology system and mechanisms, providing strong scientific and technological support for sustained increases in grain output and farmers' incomes. In 2013, the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress reached 55.2%. The new progress in agricultural science and technology was mainly reflected in three aspects.
First, important breakthroughs were made in independent innovation of crop varieties and research on production technologies, forming a number of original major achievements and laying a solid foundation for the “ten consecutive increases” in China's grain output. A large number of new crop varieties with high per-unit yields, good quality and strong stress resistance were bred. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, more than 370 new varieties of grain and cash crops were bred. In addition to super rice, the high-quality fragrant rice varieties bred accounted for more than 70% of the domestic high-grade fragrant rice market, breaking the monopoly of foreign varieties in the high-grade rice market; the new wheat variety Jimai 22 accounted for 12% of the country's total wheat planting area; and a series of new corn varieties bred repeatedly set large-area high-yield records in the Huang-Huai-Hai and other regions. In addition, 23 new livestock and poultry varieties, 35 new forage varieties and 19 new aquaculture varieties were bred.
A series of major achievements in genetically modified organism breeding were made. Eight core technologies, including gene cloning, transgenic operation and biosafety evaluation, were overcome; 96 key genes such as insect resistance, herbicide resistance, high quality and high yield were obtained, breaking the long-term technological monopoly of developed countries. New transgenic insect-resistant cotton varieties such as Zhongmian 70 were bred, bringing the market share of domestically produced insect-resistant cotton to 95%.
A number of light, simplified and standardized advanced practical technologies were developed. More than 50 sets of efficient crop cultivation technologies and more than 70 new technologies for livestock, poultry and aquaculture feeding and management were developed. The developed corn deep loosening high-yield cultivation technology increased the average corn yield in demonstration areas by 150 kg per mu; a large number of efficient, portable and labor-saving agricultural mechanization equipment was developed; more than 50 green pesticides and 22 new veterinary drugs were developed, and a number of major pest and disease prevention and control technologies were integrated, effectively enhancing agricultural production's disaster prevention and mitigation capacity and sustained pest control capacity.
Second, notable results were achieved in the reform and construction of the grassroots agricultural technology extension system, and a platform for the transformation and trading of agricultural science and technology achievements was established, creating a fast channel for the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements.
Third, new progress was made in the construction of agricultural research platforms and innovative talent teams, and a new system for cultivating new-type professional farmers was established, injecting new vitality into agricultural production.
The modern agricultural industry technology system plays an important role in disaster resistance and relief
⟦NL> The vast number of researchers in the agricultural research system, including the three academies under the Ministry of Agriculture and agricultural research and teaching units at all levels, the modern agricultural industry technology system, and the disciplinary group key laboratory system, are called a force of 100,000 with 20,000 elites. Based on industry needs and science and technology plans, this elite force develops advanced and applicable technologies and solves practical problems in industrial development. The modern agricultural industry technology system has played an important role in increasing agricultural production and income, disaster resistance, mitigation and relief, and other aspects.
Tang Ke introduced that more than 2,000 experts in this system, together with their teams totaling more than 9,000 people, undertake urgent, difficult, dangerous and important tasks at critical moments. For example, on the front line of emergency response to sudden incidents such as the Northeast “armyworm” problem, H7N9 avian influenza and the Southwest drought, this team rushed to the front, could be mobilized, stood up to the task and won the battle. It can be said to be especially able to endure hardship, especially dedicated and especially capable in battle. According to incomplete statistics, over more than 6 years, system experts have cumulatively participated in about 18,000 person-times of technical guidance services for agricultural disaster resistance and relief, proposed nearly 1,000 technical solutions of various types, formed more than 300 disaster investigation reports, and participated in responding to more than 10 major emergencies, becoming the main force in using science and technology to respond to China's agricultural disasters and emergencies.
The “Double Increase One Hundred” and “Double Increase Two Hundred” agricultural science and technology actions have both achieved their set goals
The Ministry of Agriculture launched and implemented the super rice “Double Increase One Hundred” and Northeast region corn “Double Increase Two Hundred” science and technology activities in 2010 and 2012 respectively. Tang Ke said that these two actions were successful practices by the Ministry of Agriculture in agricultural science and technology extension services. Through efforts, relying on advantageous scientific research forces to guide production, implementing the system of technical instructors contracting villages and linking households, vigorously promoting leading varieties and main promoted technologies, and actively carrying out technical demonstrations and training services, the “Double Increase One Hundred” and “Double Increase Two Hundred” achieved obvious results and made important contributions to the country's grain output increase.
The “Double Increase One Hundred” was mainly aimed at super rice. Starting in 2010, it was organized and implemented in more than 100 counties and 6 agricultural reclamation farms in 17 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities including Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jiangsu and Anhui. Through careful organization by all units, a large number of super rice varieties with high yield, strong resistance and wide adaptability were bred. The annual demonstration and extension area exceeded 100 million mu, and the goal of Double Increase One Hundred was achieved, namely increasing yield by 100 jin per mu and saving costs while increasing efficiency by 100 yuan. Especially last year, the extension area reached 130 million mu. “Double Increase Two Hundred” refers to corn, mainly carried out in the three northeastern provinces, one autonomous region and one bureau, and also achieved its set goals. In 2013, it was implemented in 160 counties, with an area of 73.933 million mu, an average yield increase of 203 jin per mu, and cost savings and efficiency gains of 194 yuan.
This year, 100 agricultural science and technology innovation and integration demonstration bases will be built nationwide
Building 100 agricultural science and technology innovation and integration demonstration bases nationwide is the top priority of this year's agricultural science and education work. The purpose is to integrate various scientific and technological resources, training resources and extension resources, rely on market-driven forces, focus on building 100 experimental and demonstration bases with strong regional representativeness and complete industrial chains, and explore the establishment of a research project approval mechanism oriented by industrial needs and entrusted by the government on a selective basis, a business guidance mechanism with chief experts as the main persons in charge of innovation bases, an agricultural technology extension service mechanism mainly based on the “government + base + experts (agricultural technicians) + enterprises + farmers” model, a performance management mechanism with supporting industrial development and promoting farmers' income growth as the main evaluation indicators, and a development mechanism combining government guiding support with diversified social investment. Tang Ke said that our goal is to strive by the end of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” to build the innovation bases into scientific research experimental fields, technology demonstration model fields, professional farmer observation fields, ecological agriculture model fields and agricultural decision-making reference fields, and to explore new paths for achieving sustainable agricultural development, improving agricultural labor productivity, land output rate, resource utilization rate and the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, and transforming the agricultural development mode.
This year, the central government invested 1.1 billion yuan to launch the new-type professional farmer cultivation project, which is the transformation and upgrading of the Sunshine Project
In 2012, the Ministry of Agriculture launched a pilot for cultivating new-type professional farmers in 100 counties nationwide. In 2013, more than 100,000 new-type professional farmers were cultivated and certified. This year, the central government invested 1.1 billion yuan to launch the new-type professional farmer cultivation project, selecting Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, 14 demonstration cities and 300 demonstration counties, with a total of 562 key demonstration counties nationwide, issuing new-type professional farmer certificates to those who meet the conditions and providing policy support. A new-type professional farmer development path of “three-in-one, three-category coordination and three-level interconnection” has now initially taken shape.
The new-type professional farmer cultivation project is a comprehensive transformation and upgrading of the Sunshine Project. Compared with the Sunshine Project, it mainly has four aspects of innovation: First, innovation in the cultivation mechanism. Highlight demand orientation and carry out whole-industrial-chain training and follow-up tracking services. Second, innovation in the cultivation model. Implement a “segmented, practice-oriented, participatory” cultivation model, strengthen classified guidance, promote training models such as farmer field schools and sending teachers to the countryside, and improve participation, interactivity and practicality. Third, innovation in cultivation content. The curriculum is set to adapt to farmers' characteristics and learning patterns, and teaching practice activities are diverse in form, more targeted and more practical. Fourth, innovation in cultivation methods. Make full use of modern and information-based methods to carry out online education and training for new-type professional farmers, mobile internet services, online information technology consulting, and whole-process tracking management and assessment evaluation.
Use the power of science and technology to continue to do a solid and good job in creating beautiful villages
In early 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture implemented the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and launched the beautiful village creation project. Since the launch of the beautiful village creation project, the Ministry of Agriculture has carried out a large amount of work: First, through extensive research, it formulated the goal system for beautiful village creation of the Ministry of Agriculture and clarified the evaluation indicators for beautiful villages. These evaluation indicators consist of four major categories and 20 items, mainly “three livelihoods plus humanities,” namely production development, comfortable living, good ecology and humanistic harmony. They can be summarized by four beauties: industrial beauty, environmental beauty, life beauty and humanistic beauty. Second, 1,100 villages were designated nationwide as pilot units for beautiful village creation, striving to use three years to build these villages into beautiful villages with “blue skies, green land, clean water, comfortable living, happy work and increased income.” Third, integrate resources to advance beautiful village construction. In project arrangements for agricultural technology extension services, rural biogas projects, rural clean projects, agricultural clean production, and new-type professional farmer training, moderate preference was given to pilot units for beautiful village creation. Fourth, conduct case studies on beautiful village construction in various places, and on the basis of field research and conceptual refinement, scientifically and systematically summarize ten major models of beautiful village creation, providing useful references and inspiration for various places to carry out beautiful village construction. Fifth, carry out a series of activities around beautiful village creation work.
Tang Ke said that next we will focus on the resource, environment and ecological issues of agriculture and rural areas, use the power of science and technology to continue to do a solid and good job in beautiful village creation work, and in supporting pilot beautiful village creation, in addition to making good use of existing resources, also strive for new funds and projects, ultimately forming two major systems: the policy investment system and the scientific and technological support system for beautiful village creation, to support pilot villages in developing ecological agriculture, low-carbon agriculture, circular agriculture and green agriculture, and building beautiful homelands.