How can farmland transfer give play to the roles of the market and the government

The "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform" points out that economic system reform is the focus of comprehensively deepening the reform, and the core issue is to properly handle the relationship between the government and the market, so that the market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and the government better plays its role. As a new thing emerging in the course of the continuous deepening of China's rural economic system reform, land transfer is an effective way to achieve the optimal allocation of rural land resources. It should respect the leading role of the market and the principal position of farmers, and give play to the decisive role of the market mechanism in land transfer. At the same time, it should also give full play to the role of the government's visible hand, overcome the phenomena of government overreach, absence and misplacement, strengthen guidance, regulation, supervision and services for land transfer, and achieve an organic combination of the market's decisive role and the government's normative guidance, so that rural land transfer develops in a healthy and orderly manner.

On the basis of doing a good job in rural land confirmation, registration and certification, establish a farmland property rights trading market system as soon as possible

Clarifying land contractual management rights is the prerequisite for land transfer and the foundational work for improving the land transfer market. Through rights confirmation, each plot contracted by farmers is issued a rural land use property rights certificate, and farmers can transfer land contractual management rights through a standardized land property rights trading market in forms such as subcontracting, leasing, exchange, assignment and shareholding cooperation, so that land truly begins to become capital. Rural property rights trading is a property rights trading behavior built on collective property rights trading and non-state-owned, non-collective property rights trading. At present, the number of rural property rights trading service institutions across the country is not large, and they are still in the initial stage. The rural property rights trading market plays an important role in land transfer. It helps the government transform its functions, helps the government free itself from directly handling trading behavior, and effectively solves the problem of the separation of government and undertakings; it helps give play to the decisive role of the market and better embodies the market's functions of gathering information, allocating resources and forming prices; and it helps establish an open, fair and just trading platform to ensure that the trading process is transparent.

Accelerate the establishment and improvement of the land transfer market service system and give play to the decisive role of the market in land transfer

On the whole, China's rural land transfer service system is not sound. Two-thirds of the counties and townships across the country have not established land transfer service platforms, and most counties and townships still do not have land transfer service institutions. Accelerating the establishment and improvement of the rural land transfer market service system is the foundation for giving play to the decisive role of the market. The key points here are, first, to improve the land transfer service platform. It is necessary to gradually establish and improve the three-level service network of county service centers, township service stations and village-level service points, establish a transfer information database, and carry out services such as information consulting, evaluation and assistance in handling procedures. Second, to establish a land transfer information network so that both supply and demand sides can obtain reliable information in a timely and accurate manner. Third, to cultivate land transfer intermediary institutions. Fourth, to establish a scientific mechanism for the formation and guidance of land transfer prices. The key point is, on the basis of a specific analysis of land price factors, to grade and classify different lands and conduct scientific evaluation, determine the benchmark price of land transfer, and on the basis of the benchmark price determine the transfer price of specific land parcels. At the same time, because China's land transfer market is still in the initial stage, in order to reduce speculative speculation in land transfer and promote the fair, just and orderly operation of the land transfer market, it is necessary for land management departments to establish a corresponding transfer price disclosure system.

Formulate policies to encourage and support land transfer and create a policy environment conducive to land transfer

Requiring farmers to carry out orderly and standardized land transfer in the land transfer market is a process, especially in the initial stage of the development of the transfer market, which requires government support and the support of some preferential policy measures. All localities should effectively give play to the guiding role of policies, formulate policies in light of local conditions that conform to local realities and are highly targeted, adopt various support measures, give farmers who enter the market to transfer land tangible benefits, attract farmers in, and promote standardized land transfer. At the same time, encourage the development of large specialized households, family farms, agricultural professional cooperatives and other large-scale operating entities, and tilt preferential policies in agricultural infrastructure construction, technology promotion, agricultural product marketing, financial services and other aspects toward them, so as to promote intensive and large-scale operation of rural land. For example, in terms of fiscal policy, a certain scale of special support funds for land transfer can be arranged in the annual fiscal budget each year for policy subsidies to large-scale operating entities and land transfer-out households; in terms of credit policy, operating entities that conform to the direction of agricultural industrialization development and agricultural industry support policies and whose land transfer area reaches a certain scale should be taken as the focus of credit support, with a certain amount of agricultural credit funds arranged each year for support, and tax reductions or tax preferences may also be implemented. At the same time, strengthen the government's technical support for land transfer. Relying on "agricultural technical schools" and the "Sunshine Project," strengthen training and guidance in practical agricultural technology for large transfer households, dispatch agricultural science and technology personnel, provide technical guidance services to large growers and professional cooperatives, and also take measures to encourage agricultural technical personnel at all levels and units and individuals in colleges, universities and scientific research institutes to participate in rural land transfer through forms such as scientific and technological research and development, technical contracting, technical shareholding and the formation of specialized organizations.

Strengthen the standardized management of land transfer and ensure the standardized and orderly operation of rural land transfer

At present, most rural land transfer is spontaneous transfer between farming households. Nearly 40% of land transfers have not signed contracts. Even when there is a written contract, the contract text is not standardized, the contract terms are incomplete, and it has not been examined and certified by a contract management agency, which easily leads to disputes and conflicts and leaves the rights and interests of both parties to the transfer unprotected. Governments at all levels should, in light of local realities, innovate land transfer systems and focus their work on the standardized management of land transfer. First, strengthen the management of land transfer procedures. Both parties to a land transfer should sign a written contract and report it to the township agricultural contract management agency for examination, certification and registration. It is necessary to clarify the principal position of farming households in land transfer and prohibit township and village-level organizations from signing contracts on behalf of farming households or bypassing them. Second, strengthen the registration management of land transfer. Registration and filing in accordance with prescribed procedures can enhance farmers' sense of security in carrying out transfers, expand the scale of transfers, and at the same time enable the government to grasp the actual situation of land transfer and formulate correct policy measures. Third, strengthen the contract management of land transfer, improve the compliance of contracts, and protect the rights and interests of both parties and the fulfillment of contracts.

Increase investment to improve the rural social security system and create favorable conditions for land transfer

At present, China's rural social security system is still not sound. This situation causes farmers to place the heavy burden of their own security on the land they contract, thus creating a bottleneck for the transfer of land contractual management rights. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the establishment and improvement of the rural social security system. On the one hand, by establishing a sound rural social security system, gradually weaken the social security function of land, reduce farmers' dependence on land and the cost of changes to the farmland system, eliminate farmers' worries, and create favorable conditions to accelerate rural land transfer. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of "adapting to local conditions, acting within one's means, using diverse forms, and with farmers' voluntary participation," and establish old-age, medical, maternity, disability and other insurance through multiple channels, at multiple levels and in multiple ways. By establishing a social security system, restore land to its normal nature as a factor of production and give play to the economic function of land as much as possible. For farmers who have already transferred land, guide them to set aside part of their funds to establish personal basic medical and old-age insurance and improve their capacity for self-security. On the other hand, it is necessary to establish and improve an agricultural risk protection mechanism. Consideration may be given to setting up rural land transfer risk funds, disaster risk compensation funds, crop pest and disease insurance funds, and cultivated land protection funds, among others, as pension funds for farmers who have lost land, guarantee funds for cultivated land transfer, and agricultural insurance subsidies; it is possible to explore the implementation of mutual insurance cooperation methods, form "mutual assistance cooperative insurance organizations," and, on the principle of voluntariness, implement an agricultural insurance operation model of member contributions, fiscal subsidies, self-management, cooperative sharing, separate account supervision and rolling development, so as to minimize the risks brought by land transfer.

Strengthen the supervision and management of land transfer and create a good environment for the healthy development of land transfer

A market economy is a rule-of-law economy. If the land transfer market is to achieve efficient and orderly transfer, it likewise needs to be regulated and constrained by laws and regulations. At present, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of laws and regulations for the rural land transfer market, promptly revise legal provisions that are not conducive to the formation of the land transfer market and that conflict or contradict one another, and clearly provide in legal form for important issues such as the market entities participating in rural land transfer, the principles, conditions, scope, procedures, forms, liability for breach of contract and adjustment of interests of land transfer, so as to ensure the healthy and orderly operation of the rural land transfer market. Government departments should earnestly shoulder their responsibilities, effectively strengthen supervision and management, and create a good environment for land transfer. Land transfer management and arbitration institutions may be established according to circumstances and given corresponding management authority to supervise the land transfer process and improve the arbitration and mediation mechanism for land transfer disputes. By strengthening the construction of rural land dispute arbitration institutions, explore a long-term mechanism for resolving rural land disputes, formulate and standardize the various systems and procedures for dispute arbitration, so as to effectively resolve rural conflicts, safeguard farmers' land rights and interests and maintain rural social stability. The various functional departments of the government should coordinate and act in concert, jointly manage with a shared responsibility, guide the conclusion of land transfer contracts, establish transfer contract archives, regularly inspect the land use situation after transfer, and do a good job in supervision and management before, during and after the event, so as to ensure that land transfer proceeds in accordance with the law and in an orderly manner. In particular, functional departments such as agricultural economics and land and resources should strengthen supervision and strictly prevent incidents of changing the agricultural use of land under the pretext of land transfer. Illegal acts that have already occurred, such as illegally occupying land or changing the agricultural nature of land, must be cracked down on and sanctioned in accordance with the law.