Where is the golden key to integrated urban-rural development

Coordinating urban and rural development plays a typically social, public and foundational role in overall social development. To achieve integrated urban-rural development, the most critical thing is to promote the equal exchange of urban and rural factors and realize the balanced allocation of urban and rural public resources.

Strengthen the equal exchange of factors and realize the balanced allocation of resources. Grasp the core issue of the equal exchange of urban and rural factors and the balanced allocation of public resources, and effectively guarantee that farmers obtain equal rights and interests in the exchange of factors such as labor, land and capital. In particular, it is necessary to break the shackles of the current labor wage system, reform the unequal urban and rural employment and labor remuneration systems, and let migrant workers enjoy the same labor remuneration rights and interests as urban workers; ensure that farmers enjoy the returns from land appreciation in accordance with the law; allow collective operational construction land to be transferred, leased and used as shares, so as to achieve entry into the market on equal terms with state-owned land and equal rights and equal prices, reform the land expropriation system, and increase farmers' share in the returns from land appreciation; and ensure that rural deposits in financial institutions are mainly used for agriculture and rural development.

Improve the support and protection system and perfect the agricultural subsidy system. Grasp the key issue of the equal exchange of urban and rural factors and the balanced allocation of public resources, establish and improve the agricultural support and protection system, reform and improve the agricultural subsidy system, and form a complete set of interest compensation mechanisms for major grain-producing areas. Compared with the prices of other agricultural products, the price of grain still lacks an advantage, and the benefits of producing grain on the same amount of land and capital are lower than those of many other industries. This situation will affect grain production and food security, and affect farmers' enthusiasm for grain production.

Guide and encourage social forces to actively invest in rural agriculture. Encourage and support more social forces to turn to agriculture, and more social funds to be invested in rural construction. If more social forces and social capital turn to “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”, the situation of rural savings funds flowing outward can be reversed, and it will also help ensure that production factors such as labor and land are taken from “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” and used for “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”, making up for the negative impact on “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” caused by the imbalance between urban and rural areas in the allocation of public resources.

Set clear goals and promote the building of equalized services. Increase the coverage of public finance for rural infrastructure construction, coordinate the balanced allocation of urban and rural compulsory education resources, improve the three-level rural medical and health service system, implement key rural cultural projects that benefit the people, improve the new rural social pension insurance policy system, and perfect the public employment and entrepreneurship service system equalized between urban and rural areas, so that urban-rural differences shrink year by year, farmers' happiness index rises, and the vast rural areas become suitable for production and living, step by step approaching the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

⟦NL> At present, the most important thing is to break through the institutional bottleneck. After resolving issues of concepts and understanding, we should promptly deepen reform, match policies, improve mechanisms, change old rules and establish new rules.

First, improve the rural land trading market. Improve the rural land market and remove institutional obstacles to the fair exchange of urban and rural land factors. According to existing laws, local governments have the power to expropriate land, and the government occupies a core position in the land expropriation process. The monopoly of the demand side of land has led to a scissors gap between the primary and secondary land markets, led to the imperfect development of the land market, and hindered the fair exchange of land factors. Improving the construction of the rural land market means accelerating land confirmation of rights, accelerating reform of the land expropriation system, and increasing farmers' share in the returns from land appreciation.

Second, improve the current urban and rural institutional mechanisms. It is necessary to ensure that rural deposits in financial institutions are used for agriculture and rural areas as a priority. Fiscal expenditure should further lean toward rural areas, let the sunshine of public finance shine further over rural areas, extend public infrastructure further into rural areas, and cover rural areas further with public services. Increase policy efforts, give play to the feedback role of cities and industrialization for rural areas and agriculture, the radiating and driving role of urbanization and the transforming role of informatization, and blaze a path of modern agriculture with Chinese characteristics featuring advanced production technology, appropriately scaled operations, strong market competitiveness and sustainable ecological environment.

Third, pay attention to rural ecological and environmental protection. Improve the rural ecological protection management system. It is necessary to put into practice a sound scientific decision-making and responsibility system and a green evaluation system, and put rural ecological civilization construction on a standardized and institutionalized track. Use rigid institutions to guide enterprises to effectively fulfill their social responsibility for ecological protection. Implement the system of paid use of resources and the ecological compensation system, accelerate the price reform of natural resources and their products, raise the standard for enterprise pollutant discharge fees, implement trading systems such as carbon emission rights and pollutant discharge rights, and guide ecological beneficiary regions and units to carry out horizontal compensation with ecological protection regions, so as to fundamentally change the unreasonable situation in which development is left to cities and pollution is left to rural areas, and ensure the sustainable development of rural areas.