How can modern agriculture transform? These questions must be answered well
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council recently issued the "Several Opinions on Intensifying Reform and Innovation to Accelerate Agricultural Modernization," pointing out the direction for the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. As a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from the agricultural sector, I applaud the precision and timeliness of the policy, and feel deeply inspired and encouraged.
Since 2004, China's grain production has achieved "eleven consecutive increases," farmers' incomes have achieved "eleven consecutive years of rapid growth," and grain production capacity has reached a new level of 600 billion kg. At the same time, the contribution rate of China's agricultural science and technology progress has reached 56%, and the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation and harvesting has reached 59%, with agricultural development generally crossing the threshold of modern agriculture. However, as the macroeconomy enters a new normal, China's agricultural development has also shown some new changes. China's agricultural development mode will enter a period of deep adjustment. Through structural adjustment and mode transformation, we must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of China's agriculture from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. Specifically, several questions must be answered well:
How can food security be achieved? The key to food security is capacity security. In the future, China's grain production capacity should be stabilized at around 600 billion kg. It is suggested to integrate funds from various projects, concentrate efforts on building high-standard farmland, launch and implement actions to improve cultivated land quality, translate grain production capacity down to the fields and plots, and achieve "storing grain in the land." We should increase support for research on green yield-increasing models, integrate and promote the application of comprehensive technologies, strive to achieve breakthroughs in key areas such as the seed industry, and achieve "storing grain in technology." We should accelerate the cultivation of new-type professional farmers, cultivate a group of farmers specializing in agricultural production, and achieve "storing grain among the people."
How can agricultural efficiency be improved? Guide farmers to aim at the market, adjust and optimize the agricultural structure, and promote agricultural production from being mainly production-oriented to placing greater emphasis on consumption orientation, and from being mainly traditional planting and breeding to integrating planting, breeding, processing, and marketing, and the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Build the entire agricultural industry chain, expand the scope and scale of subsidies for primary processing facilities for agricultural products, and vigorously develop storage and preservation, grading and classification, packaging, transportation, and marketing. Actively develop leisure agriculture and expand agricultural functions. Optimize the layout of agricultural productivity and improve the matching degree between agricultural production and resources and the environment.
How can resource utilization efficiency be improved? In fertilizer application, the focus is on promoting precision fertilization, adjusting the structure of fertilizer use, improving fertilization methods, and promoting the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. In pesticide application, the focus is on controlling the occurrence of pests and diseases, replacing highly toxic and high-residue pesticides with low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides, replacing low-efficiency small spraying equipment with high-efficiency medium and large equipment, and promoting precision pesticide application and unified prevention and control of pests and diseases. In agricultural film application, the thickness of plastic film should be appropriately increased, recycling incentive policies should be formulated, and research, demonstration, and promotion of degradable film should be intensified. Deepen energy conservation in rural production and daily life, and accelerate the construction of straw collection, storage, and transportation systems.
How can agricultural product safety be guaranteed? Developing standardized production is the fundamental solution for ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. Accelerate the formulation and revision of agricultural standards, focus on limits for pesticide and veterinary drug residues, and build a standards system covering all links including production area environment, production process, and processing and packaging. Vigorously carry out the creation of standardized production for "shopping basket" products, and build a new batch of standard gardens for vegetables, fruits, and tea, standardized demonstration farms for livestock and poultry breeding, and standardized demonstration farms for healthy aquaculture. Vigorously develop industrialized operation, rely on farmers' professional cooperatives, leading enterprises, and other new-type business entities and socialized services, and bring household-based production into the track of standardization.
How can agricultural policy be made more precise? If policy incentives are used well, they can effectively guide the transformation of production methods. Increasing investment in ecological compensation and resource conservation can guide production methods to shift toward a more water-saving, fertilizer-saving, pesticide-saving, high-quality, safe, ecological, and efficient sustainable direction; increasing funds for modern agricultural development can guide business methods to shift toward large-scale, standardized, specialized, organized, and socialized modern agriculture. In fiscal policy, improve subsidy methods, strengthen financial services, and enhance precision.