High risk of lodging in the late growth stage of wheat this year

This spring, the wheat green-up stage was generally threatened by drought. During the standing-up to jointing stage, all localities actively carried out irrigation. In addition, around the jointing stage there was weather with excessive rainfall, higher temperatures and reduced sunlight, causing the basal stems of wheat after jointing, especially the first and second internodes, to be longer, with thinner stem walls and poorer development, which will cause the center of gravity of the wheat plant to shift upward and increase the risk of lodging in the middle and late stages. This has become a hidden production safety hazard that cannot be ignored. As the farming proverb says: when millet lodges, you get a handful of chaff; when wheat lodges, you get a handful of straw. If wheat lodges, it will not only cause the serious consequences of reduced yield and poor harvest, but will also create a series of troubles in production, such as difficulty in mechanical harvesting and delayed maturity with excessive greenness. Therefore, for field management of wheat in the middle and late stages this year, the problem orientation should be highlighted, and the following effective measures should be taken in a targeted way to respond:

First, water cautiously to prevent lodging. After jointing, wheat grows and develops vigorously and also has a vigorous demand for water and fertilizer. In particular, the booting to heading stage is the critical period for wheat water demand, and drought stress has the greatest impact on yield. Water consumption from flowering to maturity accounts for 1/4 of the total water consumption of the entire growth period. Therefore, according to local conditions, timely irrigation should be applied well at the flag-leaf and flowering water stage or the grain-filling water stage to ensure the physiological water use of wheat, and at the same time it can also resist the harm of dry hot winds. However, when irrigating, special attention should be paid to the weather. Do not irrigate on windy or rainy days, and also control the irrigation amount according to soil texture to prevent lodging.

Second, fertilize cautiously to prevent late maturity. After jointing, foliar spraying of fertilizer can generally be used to supplement wheat's demand for nutrients. The principle for choosing and applying fertilizer is to both prevent premature senescence and prevent excessive greenness. For wheat this year, especially late-sown wheat, as long as the leaves are not yellowing due to nitrogen deficiency or strong-gluten special wheat is not being cultivated, do not spray nitrogen-containing foliar fertilizers such as amino acids and urea in the late stage. Instead, phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace element fertilizers should be sprayed, with the aim of preventing wheat from delayed maturity with excessive greenness as early as possible. Generally, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used, with the addition of appropriate pesticides for disease and pest control and growth regulators such as brassinolide, mixed with water to prepare a compound solution, for "one spray, three preventions" 2~3 times. There are often imitation potassium dihydrogen phosphate products on the market, which are actually three-element compound fertilizers and contain nitrogen fertilizer among their nutrients, so attention should be paid when purchasing and using them.

Third, carry out "one spray, three preventions" early. Achieve timely adaptation, early prevention and early control, and prevent trouble before it happens. Last year's warm winter led to a relatively high overwintering base of diseases and insect pests, causing some wheat diseases and insect pests to occur earlier and more severely this year. It is expected that wheat ear aphids, red spiders, wheat midges, fusarium head blight and powdery mildew may occur more severely and spread. Therefore, "one spray, three preventions" should be started early before flowering according to the actual occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the field. Pay attention to uniform spraying to prevent pesticide damage; strictly follow the safe operation regulations for pesticide use, do a good job of personnel protection, and prevent pesticide poisoning; do a good job in cleaning spraying equipment, recycling and disposing of packaging waste such as pesticide bottles and bags, and pay attention to agricultural ecological safety.