The Ministry of Agriculture Issues the Technical Specification for Harmless Treatment of Dead Animals
To the animal husbandry and veterinary (agriculture and livestock, agriculture) departments (bureaus, commissions, offices) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with independent planning status, and the Agriculture Bureau of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:
In order to further standardize the operating techniques for the harmless disposal of dead animals, effectively prevent and control major animal diseases, and ensure the quality and safety of animal products, in accordance with the Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws and regulations, our Ministry has organized the formulation of the Technical Specifications for the Harmless Disposal of Dead Animals, which are hereby issued to you for implementation.
Ministry of Agriculture
October 15, 2013
Attachment
Technical Specifications for the Harmless Disposal of Dead Animals
These Specifications are formulated in accordance with the Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China and relevant laws and regulations, in order to standardize the operating techniques for the harmless disposal of dead animal carcasses and related animal products, prevent major animal diseases, and safeguard the quality and safety of animal products.
1. Scope of Application
These Specifications set out the technical processes and operating precautions for the harmless disposal methods of dead animal carcasses and related animal products, as well as the requirements for packaging, temporary storage, transportation, personnel protection and harmless disposal records during the disposal process.
2. Normative References and Standards
Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China (Presidential Order No. 71 of 2007)
Measures for the Examination of Animal Epidemic Prevention Conditions (Ministry of Agriculture Order No. 7 of 2010)
Measures for the Disposal of Dead Animals and Animals with Unknown Causes of Death (Trial) (Nong Yi Fa [2005] No. 25)
GB16548 Protocol for the Biosafe Disposal of Diseased Animals and Diseased Animal Products
GB19217 Technical Requirements for Medical Waste Transfer Vehicles (Trial)
GB18484 Pollution Control Standard for the Incineration of Hazardous Waste
GB18597 Pollution Control Standard for the Storage of Hazardous Waste
GB16297 Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
GB14554 Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants
GB8978 Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard
GB5085.3 Identification Standards for Hazardous Waste
GB/T16569 Disinfection Specifications for Livestock and Poultry Products
GB19218 Technical Requirements for Medical Waste Incinerators (Trial)
GB/T19923 Reuse of Urban Recycling Water Water Quality Standard for Industrial Uses
When the above standards and documents are revised, the latest versions shall be used.
3. Terms and Definitions
3.1Harmless disposal
Harmless disposal as referred to in these Specifications means the process of treating dead animal carcasses and related animal products by physical, chemical and other methods to eliminate the pathogens they carry and eliminate the harm posed by animal carcasses.
3.2Incineration method
The incineration method means the method of subjecting animal carcasses and related animal products to oxidation reactions or pyrolysis reactions under oxygen-rich or oxygen-free conditions within an incineration vessel.
3.3Rendering method
The rendering method means the method of treating animal carcasses and related animal products within a sealed high-pressure vessel by introducing high-temperature saturated steam into the vessel jacket or the vessel, under the action of dry heat and pressure or high temperature and pressure.
3.4Burial method
The burial method means the method of placing animal carcasses and related animal products into a carcass pit or burial pit in accordance with relevant provisions and covering, disinfecting, fermenting or decomposing the animal carcasses and related animal products.
3.5Fermentation method
The fermentation method means the method of arranging animal carcasses and related animal products together with auxiliary materials such as rice bran and wood shavings as required, and using the biological heat generated by the animal carcasses and related animal products or adding specific biological agents to ferment or decompose the animal carcasses and related animal products.
4. Harmless Disposal Methods
4.1Incineration method
4.1.1Direct incineration method
4.1.1.1Technical process
4.1.1.1.1 Animal carcasses and related animal products may be subjected to crushing pretreatment as appropriate.
4.1.1.1.2 Animal carcasses and related animal products or crushed products are fed into the combustion chamber of the incinerator body; after full oxidation and pyrolysis, the resulting high-temperature flue gas enters the secondary combustion chamber for continued combustion, and the resulting slag is discharged through the slag discharger. The combustion chamber temperature shall be ≥850°C.
4.1.1.1.3 The flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber is treated by the waste heat utilization system and the flue gas purification system and then discharged after meeting the standards.
4.1.1.1.4 Incineration slag and incineration fly ash collected by dust removal equipment shall be collected, stored and transported separately. Incineration slag shall be treated as general solid waste; if incineration fly ash and solid waste collected by other tail gas purification devices belong to hazardous waste, they shall be treated as hazardous waste.
4.1.1.2Operating precautions
4.1.1.2.1 Strictly control the incineration feed frequency and weight so that the material can fully contact the air and complete combustion is ensured.
4.1.1.2.2 The combustion chamber shall be kept under negative pressure to avoid flue gas leakage during incineration.
4.1.1.2.3 The residence time of the flue gas generated by combustion from the last combustion-supporting air injection port or burner outlet to the heat exchange surface or the cold air induction port of the flue shall be ≥2s.
4.1.1.2.4 An emergency discharge chimney shall be installed at the top of the secondary combustion chamber and opened in emergencies.
4.1.1.2.5 A sufficient flue gas purification system shall be provided, including spray towers, activated carbon injection adsorption, dust collectors, cooling towers, induced draft fans and chimneys, etc. The oxygen content in the flue gas at the outlet of the incinerator shall be 6-10% (dry gas).
4.1.2Carbonization incineration method
4.1.2.1Technical process
4.1.2.1.1 Animal carcasses and related animal products are fed into the pyrolysis carbonization chamber; after full pyrolysis under oxygen-free conditions, the resulting pyrolysis flue gas enters the combustion (secondary combustion) chamber for continued combustion, and the resulting solid carbonized residue is discharged through the pyrolysis carbonization chamber. The pyrolysis temperature shall be ≥600°C, the combustion (secondary combustion) chamber temperature ≥1100°C, and the residence time of the flue gas after incineration at above 1100°C ≥2s.
4.1.2.1.2 After heat energy recovery in the pyrolysis carbonization chamber, the flue gas drops to about 600°C and enters the flue pipe. After “quenching” and “deacidification” in a wet cooling tower, the flue gas enters activated carbon adsorption and dust removal equipment, and is finally discharged after meeting the standards.
4.1.2.2Precautions
4.1.2.2.1 The sealing performance of the furnace door of the pyrolysis carbonization system shall be checked to ensure the oxygen-isolated state of the pyrolysis carbonization chamber.
4.1.2.2.2 The pyrolysis gas output pipeline shall be regularly checked and cleaned to avoid blockage.
4.1.2.2.3 An explosion-proof opening connected to the atmosphere shall be provided at the top of the pyrolysis carbonization chamber, which can automatically open to release pressure when the pressure inside the pyrolysis carbonization chamber is too high.
4.1.2.2.4 The pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and residence time of the material in the pyrolysis carbonization chamber shall be strictly controlled according to the type and volume of the treated materials.
4.2 Rendering method
4.2.1Dry rendering method
4.2.1.1Technical process
4.2.1.1.1 Animal carcasses and related animal products may be subjected to crushing pretreatment as appropriate.
4.2.1.1.2 Animal carcasses and related animal products or crushed products are conveyed into a high-temperature and high-pressure vessel.
4.2.1.1.3 The center temperature of the treated material shall be ≥140°C, the pressure ≥0.5MPa (absolute pressure), and the time ≥4h (the specific treatment time is set according to the type and volume size of the animal carcasses and related animal products or crushed products to be treated).
4.2.1.1.4 The hot steam generated by heating and drying is discharged after passing through the waste gas treatment system.
4.2.1.1.5 The animal carcass residue generated by heating and drying is conveyed to the pressing system for treatment.
4.2.1.2Operating precautions
4.2.1.2.1 The working time of the stirring system should be such that the dried residue is basically free of moisture; according to the amount of treated material, the stirring time should be appropriately extended or shortened.
4.2.1.2.2 A reasonable wastewater treatment system shall be used to effectively remove organic matter and ammonia nitrogen and meet the discharge requirements stipulated by the State.
4.2.1.2.3 A reasonable waste gas treatment system shall be used to effectively absorb the malodorous gas generated by the decomposition of animal carcasses during treatment, so that waste gas emissions comply with relevant national standards.
4.2.1.2.4 Operators of high-temperature and high-pressure vessels shall meet relevant professional requirements.
4.2.1.2.5 After treatment is completed, the walls, floors and related tools must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
4.2.2Wet rendering method
4.2.2.1Technical process
4.2.2.1.1 Animal carcasses and related animal products may be subjected to crushing pretreatment as appropriate.
4.2.2.1.2 Animal carcasses and related animal products or crushed products are sent into a high-temperature and high-pressure vessel, and the total mass shall not exceed four fifths of the total bearing capacity of the vessel.
4.2.2.1.3 The center temperature of the treated material shall be ≥135°C, the pressure ≥0.3MPa (absolute pressure), and the treatment time ≥30min (the specific treatment time is set according to the type and volume size of the animal carcasses and related animal products or crushed products to be treated).
4.2.2.1.4 After the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is completed, the treated material undergoes initial solid-liquid separation.
4.2.2.1.5 After crushing treatment, the solid matter is sent into the drying system; the liquid portion is sent into the oil-water separation system for treatment.
4.2.2.2Operating precautions
4.2.2.2.1 Operators of high-temperature and high-pressure vessels shall meet relevant professional requirements.
4.2.2.2.2 After treatment is completed, the walls, floors and related tools must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
4.2.2.2.3 Condensed discharge water shall be discharged after cooling, and the resulting wastewater shall be discharged after being treated by the wastewater treatment system to meet the standards.
4.4.2.2.4 Waste gas from the treatment workshop shall be treated by installing an automatic spray disinfection system, an exhaust system and a high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA filter), etc., and discharged after meeting the standards.
4.3 Burial method
4.3.1Direct burial method
4.3.1.1Site selection requirements
4.3.1.1.1 A location with high, dry terrain and in the downwind direction shall be selected.
4.3.1.1.2 It shall be far away from animal breeding farms (breeding communities), animal slaughter and processing sites, animal isolation sites, animal diagnosis and treatment sites, live animal and animal product markets, and drinking water sources.
4.3.1.1.3 It shall be far away from urban residential areas, areas with concentrated populations such as cultural, educational and scientific research institutions, major rivers and major traffic arteries such as highways and railways.
4.3.1.2Technical process
4.3.1.2.1 The volume of the burial pit shall be determined by the actual quantity of animal carcasses and related animal products to be treated.
4.3.1.2.2 The bottom of the burial pit shall be at least 1.5m above the groundwater level, and shall be impermeable and leak-proof.
4.3.1.2.3 A layer of quicklime or bleaching powder or other disinfectant with a thickness of 2-5cm shall be spread on the bottom of the pit.
4.3.1.2.4 Animal carcasses and related animal products are placed into the pit, with the uppermost layer at least 1.5m from the ground surface.
4.3.1.2.5 Disinfect with quicklime or bleaching powder or other disinfectant.
4.3.1.2.6 Cover with soil at a distance of 20-30cm from the ground surface, with a thickness of no less than 1-1.2m.
4.3.1.3Operating precautions
4.3.1.3.1 The covering soil of the burial shall not be too compact, so as to avoid bubbles escaping and liquid leakage caused by gas produced by decomposition.
4.3.1.3.2 After burial, warning signs shall be set up at the burial site.
4.3.1.3.3 After burial, inspections shall be conducted once a day in the first week, and once a week from the second week onward, for 3 consecutive months; collapsed areas of the burial pit shall be promptly covered with additional soil.
4.3.1.3.4 After burial, the burial site shall immediately be thoroughly disinfected once with chlorine preparations, bleaching powder or quicklime or other disinfectants. Disinfection shall be carried out once a day in the first week, and once a week from the second week onward, for more than three consecutive weeks.
4.3.2Carcass pit
⟦NL> 4.3.2.1Site selection requirements
4.3.2.1.1 The carcass pit of a livestock and poultry farm shall take into account the terrain characteristics of the site and should preferably be built in the downwind direction.
4.3.2.1.2 For the siting of carcass pits in townships and villages, a location with relatively high terrain and in the downwind direction shall be selected. It shall be far away from animal breeding farms (breeding communities), animal slaughter and processing sites, animal isolation sites, animal diagnosis and treatment sites, live animal and animal product markets, flood discharge areas, and drinking water sources; it shall be far away from residential areas, public places, and major traffic arteries such as major rivers, highways and railways.
4.3.2.2Technical process
4.3.2.2.1 The carcass pit shall be a sealed structure of brick and concrete, or reinforced steel and concrete, and shall be impermeable and leak-proof.
4.3.2.2.2 A feeding opening shall be provided at the top, covered with a sealed lid and double locks; odor-removal devices such as odor adsorption and filtration shall be installed.
4.3.2.2.3 Before feeding, a certain amount of quicklime or disinfectant solution shall be spread on the bottom of the carcass pit.
4.3.2.2.4 After feeding, the feeding opening shall be sealed with a lid and locked, and the feeding opening, the carcass pit and the surrounding environment shall be disinfected.
4.3.2.2.5 When the animal carcasses in the carcass pit reach three quarters of its volume, use shall be stopped and the pit sealed.
4.3.2.3Precautions
4.3.2.3.1 Fences shall be set up around the carcass pit, conspicuous warning signs and public notice boards showing the name and contact telephone number of the professional manager shall be established, and dedicated personnel shall be assigned for management.
4.3.2.3.2 Attention shall be paid to the maintenance of the carcass pit; any damage or leakage found shall be dealt with promptly.
4.3.2.3.3 After the animal carcasses in a sealed carcass pit have completely decomposed, the residues shall be cleaned up; the cleaned residues shall be incinerated or buried, and the carcass pit shall be thoroughly disinfected before it can be put back into use.
4.4Fermentation method
4.4.1Technical process
4.4.1.1 The structural forms of the fermentation pile are mainly the windrow type and the fermentation tank type.
4.4.1.2 Before treatment, a 20cm thick layer of auxiliary material shall be laid on the bottom of the designated site or fermentation tank.
4.4.1.3 Animal carcasses or related animal products shall be laid flat on the auxiliary material, with a thickness of ≤20cm.
4.4.1.4 Cover with 20cm of auxiliary material to ensure that the animal carcasses or related animal products are completely covered. The thickness of the pile shall be determined by the quantity of animal carcasses and related animal products to be treated, generally controlled at 2-3m.
4.4.1.5 The internal temperature of the compost fermentation pile shall be ≥54°C; the pile shall be turned after one week and the process completed after 3 weeks.
4.4.1.6 The auxiliary material is a mixture of rice bran, wood shavings, straw, corn cobs, etc., or the product of pre-fermentation after adding specific biological agents to a mixture such as rice bran and wood shavings.
4.4.2Operating precautions
4.4.2.1 Animal carcasses and related animal products of animals that died from major animal diseases and zoonoses shall not be treated by this method.
4.4.2.2 Rainproof measures shall be taken during the fermentation process.
4.4.2.3 For windrow composting fermentation, level and impermeable ground shall be selected.
4.4.2.4 A reasonable waste gas treatment system shall be used to effectively absorb the malodorous gas generated by the decomposition of animal carcasses and related animal products during treatment, so that waste gas emissions comply with relevant national standards.
5. Collection and Transportation Requirements
5.1Packaging
5.1.1 Packaging materials shall meet requirements such as being airtight, waterproof, impermeable, damage-resistant and corrosion-resistant.
5.1.2 The volume, dimensions and quantity of packaging materials shall match the volume and quantity of the animal carcasses and related animal products to be treated.
5.1.3 After packaging, it shall be sealed.
5.1.4 After use, disposable packaging materials shall be destroyed, and reusable packaging materials shall be cleaned and disinfected.
5.2Temporary storage
5.2.1 Freezing or refrigeration shall be used for temporary storage to prevent decomposition of animal carcasses before harmless disposal.
5.2.2 The temporary storage site shall be waterproof, impermeable, rat-proof and theft-proof, and easy to clean and disinfect.
5.2.3 Conspicuous warning signs shall be set up at the temporary storage site.
5.2.4 The temporary storage site and surrounding environment shall be regularly cleaned and disinfected.
5.3Transportation
5.3.1 Dedicated transport vehicles or enclosed box-type carriers shall be selected; corrosion-resistant materials shall be used for the four walls and the bottom of the compartment, and impermeability measures shall be taken.
5.3.2 Before vehicles leave temporary storage, breeding and other sites, the wheels and the exterior of the compartment shall be disinfected.
5.3.3 Transport vehicles should avoid entering densely populated areas as far as possible.
5.3.4 If leakage occurs during transportation, the goods shall be repackaged and disinfected before transport.
5.3.5 After unloading, the transport vehicles and related tools shall be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.
6. Other Requirements
6.1Personnel protection
6.1.1 Staff engaged in the collection, temporary storage, loading and transport, and harmless disposal of animal carcasses shall undergo specialized training and master the corresponding knowledge of animal epidemic prevention.
6.1.2 During operations, staff shall wear protective equipment such as protective clothing, masks, goggles, rubber boots and gloves.
6.1.3 Staff shall use dedicated collection tools, packaging supplies, transport vehicles, cleaning tools, disinfection equipment, etc.
6.1.4 After work is completed, disposable protective equipment shall be destroyed, and reusable protective equipment shall be disinfected.
6.2Record requirements
6.2.1 Ledgers and records shall be kept for the collection, temporary storage, loading and transport, harmless disposal and other links of dead animals. Where conditions permit, the travel information of transport vehicles and video records of relevant links shall be preserved.
6.2.2 Ledgers and records
6.2.2.1 Temporary storage link
6.2.2.1.1 Receiving ledgers and records shall include the source farm (household) of the dead animals and related animal products, type, quantity, animal identification number, cause of death, disinfection method, collection time, handling personnel, etc.
6.2.2.1.2 Shipping-out ledgers and records shall include transport personnel, contact information, transport time, license plate number, type and quantity of dead animals and products, animal identification number, disinfection method, transport destination, and handling personnel, etc.
6.2.2.2 Disposal link
6.2.2.2.1 Receiving ledgers and records shall include the source, type, quantity, animal identification number, transport personnel, contact information, license plate number, receiving time and handling personnel of the dead animals and related animal products, etc.
6.2.2.2.2 Disposal ledgers and records shall include disposal time, disposal method, disposal quantity and operators, etc.
6.2.3 Ledgers and records involving the harmless disposal of dead animals shall be kept for at least two years.
Copied to: Animal Health Supervision Institutes of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Animal Health Supervision Institute of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the China Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, and the China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center.
Printed and issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture on October 17, 2013