What exactly does the new type of agricultural operation system mean?
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "build a new type of agricultural operation system that combines intensification, specialization, organization and socialization." Subsequently, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the No. 1 Central Documents of 2013, 2014 and 2015, among other central documents, all emphasized the need to accelerate the construction of a new type of agricultural operation system. For the construction of the new type of agricultural operation system, we must grasp its scientific connotation from a multi-dimensional and multi-level perspective. The new type of agricultural operation system is in essence an agricultural operation system that adapts to the transformation and development of agriculture and modern market competition, and is a systematic integration with multi-dimensional perspectives, multi-level characteristics and multi-functional attributes. An important purpose of building a new type of agricultural operation system is to realize the organic combination and integrated development of modern agricultural operation entities and modern agricultural support systems, so as to promote the healthy growth of new type agricultural operation entities, the rapid formation of a diversified agricultural service system, the effective development of multi-type agricultural scale operations, the organic coupling of multiple agricultural operation mechanisms and industrial organization models, and the continuous improvement of the level of agricultural industrialized operation and market competitiveness.
The new type of agricultural operation system can be observed from three dimensions. First, the vertical dimension, which is embodied in the matching relationship between agricultural operation entities and the entire agricultural industry chain. Second, the horizontal dimension, which on the one hand is embodied in the scale of individual entities or organizations within a certain type of agricultural product operation system, and on the other hand is embodied in the degree of interconnection among related agricultural product operation systems. Third, the regional dimension, which is embodied in the span of the agricultural operation system across regional space.
The new type of agricultural operation system has characteristics at three levels: First, the characteristics of the industrial system, mainly embodied in the "six-in-one" and mutual coordination of regionalized layout, intensive production, large-scale operation, organized division of labor, diversified services and market-oriented operation. Second, the characteristics of the organizational system. The organizational characteristic of the new type of agricultural operation system is an agricultural industrial organization system with cooperative organizations as the core, and is the "four-in-one" and organic connection of farmer organizations, cooperative organizations, company (enterprise) organizations and industry organizations. Third, the characteristics of the institutional system, mainly embodied in the "five-in-one" and complementary advantages of the household operation system, cooperative operation system, company operation system, industrialized operation system and industry coordination system.
The selection and arrangement of industrial organization and organizational institutions is an important key to the transformation and development of agriculture and the construction of a new type of agricultural operation system. Because organization has multiple attributes and functions, the exertion of its function is directly related to the vitality and efficiency of the new type of agricultural operation system. Organization is first of all an entity; the state and behavior of the entity determine organizational efficiency. As an entity, organization is the soul of the new type of agricultural operation system, and the organization in the new type of agricultural operation system is the collection of operation entities and the relationships among entities. Organization is even more an institution, and institutions are the guide for the behavior of entities. As an institution, the organization in the new type of agricultural operation system is the collection of industrial organization institutions and related property rights institutions that determine the behavior of entities. In the era of informatization and the Internet, organization is also a network, and the online world is producing revolutionary changes in the flow and combination of agricultural resources, products and factors from the interface of time and space. As a network, the organization in the new type of agricultural operation system is the bridge, link and carrier in the network structure.
It can thus be seen that the new type of agricultural operation system is in fact a collection of the modern agricultural industrial system, organizational (entity) system, institutional system and network system. There is no doubt that scientifically grasping the connotation of the new type of agricultural operation system and building such a system is crucial to the transformation and development of China's agriculture and its modernization process.