Rotational Cropping Technology from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Promotes Both Grain and Oil Abundance and Green Development
This website news On May 29, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences organized and held in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province the “Rapeseed—Corn Annual Green High-Yield and High-Efficiency Technology Model Demonstration On-Site Meeting”, where the integrated results of 8 key technologies related to rapeseed-corn rotation were demonstrated on site, and the next stage of research and demonstration work was discussed. Chen Mengshan, Secretary of the Party Leadership Group of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Vice President Wu Kongming attended the meeting.
According to calculations, by adopting the “Rapeseed—Corn Annual Green High-Yield and High-Efficiency Technology Model”, corn was planted after the rapeseed harvest in June last year; that year corn yield per mu increased by about 10% compared with rotation with wheat, with a net benefit of 528 yuan per mu; this year in the core demonstration area, rapeseed yield per mu increased by 19.2% compared with the traditional high-yield level, with a net benefit of 950 yuan per mu. In the core demonstration area, the annual average benefit per mu of rapeseed—corn rotation reached 1478 yuan, achieving the goal of “abundant grain and oil, green and efficient.”
Chen Mengshan pointed out at the seminar that the “Rapeseed—Corn Annual Green High-Yield and High-Efficiency Technology Model”, created under the leadership of the Oil Crops Research Institute in conjunction with leading domestic scientific research institutions, has very positive significance for safeguarding China's food security and the sustained and effective supply of edible oil, further increasing farmers' income, and maintaining agricultural ecological security. Chen Mengshan required that the next step in the green yield- and efficiency-increasing technology integration model research should adhere to industry demand orientation, closely serve the Ministry of Agriculture's “one control, two reductions, three basics” goals, improve the technology integration mechanism and demonstration and extension mechanism, further strengthen organizational leadership, form usable, learnable, and implementable technology models, accelerate the promotion and application of technology models and demonstrations in different ecological types, and make greater contributions to China's grain and oil security.
Wang Hanzhong, researcher, chief coordinator of this technology, director of the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and chief scientist of the National Rapeseed Industry Technology System, introduced that rapeseed and corn are China's largest oil crop and grain crop, occupying an important position in the national food security strategy. Rapeseed is mainly produced using winter fallow fields and does not compete for land with grain crops such as rice and corn. Adopting rotation of rapeseed with grain crops can significantly increase soil organic matter, release phosphorus in the soil, fumigate and kill soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms, and reduce pest and disease damage, and can promote both grain and oil abundance and green development. In recent years, rapeseed-corn rotation in the Yangtze River Basin has developed rapidly, but due to reasons such as few excellent varieties, low mechanization level, weak disaster resistance, and lack of integrated technology support, production efficiency and benefits are relatively low. According to the arrangements and deployments of the Ministry of Agriculture's green yield- and efficiency-increasing technology integration model research and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Science and Technology Innovation Project, the Oil Crops Research Institute, together with more than 10 units including the Institute of Crop Sciences, the Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, the Institute of Plant Protection, and the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning under the academy, as well as Huazhong Agricultural University and Hunan Agricultural University, established a demonstration base in Xiangbei Farm, Xiangyang, Hubei, with a total area of 5000 mu and a core demonstration area of 1920 mu. It integrated advanced technologies such as grain-and-oil-abundant rotation technology, new high-oil mechanized rapeseed varieties, new high-yield mechanized corn varieties, full-process mechanized high-yield and high-efficiency production technology for rapeseed and corn, efficient utilization of reduced fertilizer and pesticide application, and rapid decomposition of straw (sclerotia), and established a rapeseed-corn rotation annual green high-yield and high-efficiency technology model.
