Which direction will future agriculture develop in?
Currently, our country is at a critical stage of simultaneous development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization. As pressure on environmental resources continues to increase and the agricultural labor force undergoes structural changes, creating a new model of agricultural development and achieving sustainable agricultural development has become an inevitable trend.
The modern agriculture 2.5 industry theory is precisely a new agricultural development model proposed on the basis of this trend; it is a model of integrated agricultural development. Its characteristic is to effectively integrate policy, science and technology, capital and the market, with the government, leading agricultural enterprises and agricultural research institutions jointly building a core support system; by leveraging the advantages of the regional agricultural industry base and giving play to the research strengths of agricultural research institutions, it promotes the adjustment, transformation and upgrading of the regional agricultural industrial structure, and jointly builds a certain region into a new agricultural development exemplar that integrates the primary, secondary and tertiary industries and harmonizes production, life and ecology, thereby gradually driving a fundamental transformation of the agricultural development mode.
This integrated agricultural development model is both born out of the agricultural park and higher than the agricultural park; it is an “upgraded version” of the modern agricultural park. Compared with traditional agricultural industrial parks, it has more distinctive features:
1. New concept. Drawing on industrialization development concepts and the concept of the urban complex, through the mutual integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, the secondary and tertiary industries are attached to the primary industry, expanding agriculture, which was originally the primary industry, into a comprehensive industry; enriching the functions of agriculture to the greatest extent, so that the entire process of agricultural products before, during and after production generates economic and social benefits, increasing the added value of each link, and gradually driving a fundamental transformation of the agricultural development mode.
2. New connotation. With agriculture as the lead and science and technology as the support, it integrates multiple related industries such as food processing, commerce and logistics, science popularization and exhibitions, education and training, leisure and sightseeing, and cultural creativity, building a multifunctional, composite and innovative industrial combination; forming a good pattern in which all fields of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries are comprehensively expanded, multiple business formats coexist, are organically interwoven and diversified in operation, develop together, and production, life and ecology are harmonious.
3. New model. The government, leading agricultural enterprises and agricultural research institutions will establish a stable cooperative structure of mutual dependence and efficient operation, and clarify the relationships of responsibility, rights and interests of all parties throughout the entire operation process according to the modern enterprise system. The government does a good job in planning and policy formulation, strengthens the overall coordination of regional resource factors, guides new agricultural operating entities to actively participate in investment, and gives full play to their advantages in capital investment, technology application, organizational management, brand promotion, market development and other aspects; research institutions strengthen talent, technology, varieties and so on, play a supporting and leading role, and establish a benefit mechanism of “sharing benefits and bearing risks together.”
Under this integrated agricultural development model, new forms have emerged in the agricultural development mode:
1. Agricultural finance. The attention and investment of financial capital in agriculture have increased markedly, and the rise of methods such as agricultural industry funds and agricultural micro-loans has injected strength into the rapid development of the agricultural industry.
2. Bulk agricultural product trading. With the development of information technology, agricultural products with relatively large production, consumption, trade and transport volumes, relying on physical goods trading, have developed remote buying and selling and investment buying and selling through e-commerce platforms, enabling agricultural products to circulate promptly and on a large scale.
3. The agricultural O2O model is developing rapidly. Offline upward trading of agricultural products is combined with online internet trading. In the past, consumers went to supermarkets and farmers' markets to buy vegetables; in the future, they will place orders on e-commerce platforms, and farms will deliver fresh agricultural products directly to your doorstep. Consumers can also pay online and realize offline on-site experience. This fast and convenient marketing method has already quietly risen around us and is changing our lives.
4. Large logistics and small stores are rising. With the rise of large logistics and the internet, the route of “channel is king,” extravagantly spreading distribution channels at all levels and pursuing chain operations, will be eliminated by the times; channels will be replaced by large logistics, and storefronts and so on will be replaced by experience stores. Future business will no longer be simply a contest of space (channels, stores) but a contest of time (closer, faster, shorter).