China's agricultural resource and environmental protection work has made positive progress
Agricultural resources and environment are the material foundation for ensuring national food security and the effective supply of major agricultural products, and are the source guarantee for the quality and safety of agricultural products. At present, China's agricultural resource and environmental situation is not optimistic, facing many severe challenges, and we must proceed from the strategic height of strengthening ecological civilization construction, and strive to push the work of agricultural resource and environmental protection and utilization to new levels. In recent years, agricultural departments at all levels have closely focused on serving the construction of modern agriculture, continuously increased the intensity of agricultural resource and environmental protection and governance, vigorously promoted the construction of agricultural ecological civilization, and achieved positive progress.
Continuously strengthening top-level design and system capacity building. The Ministry of Agriculture took the lead in compiling and issuing documents such as the "National Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (2015-2030)", clarifying the overall approach to agricultural resource and environmental protection and governance, and proposing the work goals of “one control, two reductions, three basics”. At the same time, a four-level agricultural environmental protection management system has been formed, a national agricultural non-point source pollution monitoring network has been initially established, and a four-level cultivated land quality monitoring network at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels has been built, continuously improving monitoring capacity. For example, in the process of managing heavy metal-contaminated cultivated land, Hunan Province adopted the method of gradually densifying, grading, and organizing by region the “one-to-one” census monitoring of heavy metals in rice and heavy metal pollution in soil of production areas, with a cumulative investigation and sampling of more than 100,000 samples, identifying the distribution areas, area and degree of soil heavy metal pollution and excessive heavy metals in rice in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region. According to the different degrees of heavy metal pollution, zoned governance is implemented.
The prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution has reached a new level. First, vigorously promote the scientific application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Comprehensively popularize soil testing and formula fertilization technology, deeply implement green prevention and control, carry out pilot construction of specialized unified prevention and control of crop diseases and pests integrated with green prevention and control, and in particular, in early 2015, also launched the action to achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Second, actively promote the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution. Accelerate the standardization of livestock and poultry breeding, launch pilot projects for the comprehensive utilization of livestock and poultry breeding waste, and develop rural biogas projects according to local conditions. Zhejiang regards livestock and poultry breeding pollution control as the top priority in agricultural non-point source pollution control, guiding and supervising more than 10,000 large-scale breeding farms with more than 50 head on hand throughout the province to formulate governance plans farm by farm and household by household, adopting methods such as ecological absorption, industrial governance, and interception and pipeline collection for governance; by the end of June this year, the completion rate was 87.4%. Third, deeply carry out the comprehensive utilization of straw. Together with the National Development and Reform Commission, launch and implement straw comprehensive utilization projects, launch the construction of a township-level straw full-quantity utilization demonstration zone in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and accelerate the large-scale and industrialized development of straw utilization. Fourth, focus on solving residual film pollution in farmland. Cooperate with the Standardization Administration of China to carry out the revision of plastic film standards, implement for 4 consecutive years agricultural cleaner production demonstration projects mainly focused on the recycling and utilization of waste plastic film, arrange subsidy funds for dryland farming technologies such as plastic film mulching in the Northwest and North China regions, and launch comparative experiments on degradable plastic film.
New breakthroughs have been made in the environmental governance of agricultural product production areas. First, strengthen the safety management of production area environments. More than 120 national and industry standards related to production area environments, such as the "Measures for the Safety Management of Agricultural Product Production Areas", have been formulated, providing strong guarantees for the environmental protection and safety supervision of agricultural product production areas. Second, implement comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in production area soil. In 2012, launch and implement a census of heavy metal pollution in the soil of agricultural product production areas covering 1.623 billion mu of cultivated land and more than 1.3 million sample points nationwide, and lay out 152,000 state-controlled long-term positioning monitoring points, establishing a long-term mechanism for monitoring and early warning; build 9 demonstration zones for heavy metal pollution governance and remediation, and implement pilot zoning of prohibited production areas in heavily polluted areas. Third, strengthen the governance and remediation of soil pollution in agricultural product production areas. Focusing on the “cadmium rice” problem, issue the "Guiding Opinions on the Prevention and Control Technology of Heavy Metal Cadmium Pollution in Rice Fields" and the "Guiding Opinions on the Adjustment of Planting Structure in Rice Cadmium Pollution Exceeding Standard Production Areas".
The protection of agricultural resources has been further strengthened. In the protection of cultivated land resources, implement the strictest cultivated land protection system and the strictest economical land use system, strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, implement actions to improve soil organic matter, continuously strengthen the construction and management of cultivated land quality, and implement the transformation of medium- and low-yield fields such as salinized and waterlogged fields. In the utilization of agricultural water resources, implement demonstration bases for dryland water-saving agriculture and farmland water-saving technology demonstration projects, promote the transformation of water-saving projects, and accelerate the construction of an efficient agricultural water-saving system. In grassland ecological protection, implement the systems of basic grassland protection, grazing prohibition and rest, and grass-livestock balance, promote the return of farmland to forest and grassland in a planned way, implement the grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward policy, and accelerate the restoration of grassland ecology. In the conservation of fishery resources, strengthen the construction of aquatic life nature reserves and aquatic germplasm resource protection areas, vigorously implement stock enhancement and releasing, and strictly implement the closed fishing and fishing prohibition systems. In the protection of agricultural species resources, establish a germplasm resource protection system combining germplasm resource banks, protection areas and protection sites. Carry out surveys and rescue collection of agricultural wild plant resources, preserve more than 30,000 copies of agricultural wild plant resources, and build 168 in-situ conservation areas (points) for agricultural wild plants. Issue the "National Key Management List of Invasive Alien Species (First Batch)", promote the comprehensive prevention and control of invasive alien species and the demonstration construction of resource utilization, and effectively do a good job in the eradication and emergency prevention and control of invasive alien species.