Develop One Village One Product to help farmers get rich and increase income
In recent years, General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly pointed out: we should develop modern breeding, forestry and fruit farming, and horticulture according to local conditions, and develop advantageous leading industries such as one village one product, multiple villages one product, one township one industry, and one county one industry. Several No. 1 Central Documents have also repeatedly stressed: support the development of one village one product and one township (county) one industry, strengthen the county economy, and drive farmers to employment and prosperity. Practice in various places has proved that developing one village one product is an important measure at present to promote the transformation of agricultural development mode, adjust the structure, improve quality and increase efficiency, and it should be highly valued and vigorously advanced.
I. Fully affirm the outstanding achievements in the development of one village one product
One village one product has been developing in China for nearly 20 years, has broad adaptability and vigorous vitality, and has been increasingly recognized and chosen by the broad masses of farmers. Especially in recent years, one village one product has played a prominent role and achieved obvious results in promoting the development of the agricultural and rural economy.
(1) The effect of strengthening villages and enriching people is remarkable, and developing one village one product has become an important way to invigorate the regional economy and drive farmers to employment and prosperity
Many places, based on local resources, comprehensively considering factors such as location advantages, industrial foundation and market conditions, give priority to developing competitive leading industries and specialty products, and vigorously cultivate specialized villages and towns, which not only strengthens the rural collective economy, but also broadens channels for farmers' employment and income growth, becoming a new highlight in the development of the agricultural and rural economy. By the end of 2014, the number of various specialized villages nationwide reached 55,000, among which 2,419 specialized villages had a total economic income of more than 100 million yuan, and 214 had more than 1 billion yuan. The per capita net income of farmers in specialized villages was 11,673 yuan, 18% higher than the national per capita net income of farmers in 2014. Many places take the development of one village one product as an important means for poor villages to shake off poverty and become rich. Tianjin formulated a characteristic industry development plan of “one policy for one village”, providing one village one product industrial project assistance to villages with weak economic development, which effectively accelerated the pace of rural poverty alleviation and prosperity.
(2) Leading industries are continuously clustered, and developing one village one product has become an important lever for adjusting the agricultural industrial structure and optimizing the regional layout
Many places, in accordance with the regional layout plan for characteristic agricultural products, actively guide specialized villages and towns to develop large-scale, specialized and standardized production bases, and radiate and drive surrounding areas, raising the level of clustering of advantageous and characteristic industries, showing a development pattern of multiple villages one product, one township one product, and one county one industry, and optimizing the agricultural structure and regional layout. In 2014, the planting base area, aquaculture area and livestock breeding volume of specialized villages nationwide increased by 4.4%, 8.2% and 4.5% respectively over the previous year, and the effect of industrial clustering became more prominent. Shanxi Province, through vigorously implementing the development strategy of “one village one product” and “one county one industry”, has raised many specialized villages with distinctive features such as dairy cow villages, walnut villages, red date villages, mutton sheep villages and millet villages across the land of Sanjin, forming concentrated and contiguous belts of advantageous and characteristic industries. Shaanxi Province, taking one village one product as its path, vigorously develops characteristic modern agriculture; different regions have different development priorities: apples in northern Shaanxi, kiwifruit in the Guanzhong area, and tea in southern Shaanxi, concentrated and contiguous, becoming belts of characteristic and advantageous industries.
(3) Brand benefits are increasingly apparent, and developing one village one product has become an important measure to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and build characteristic brand agriculture
Many places use quality and safety management and brand building to drive the development of one village one product, actively carry out trademark registration and “three products and one label” certification, establish quality traceability systems, and cultivate well-known brands, which not only effectively ensures the quality and safety of agricultural products, but also gives specialty products added strength, with their visibility and market competitiveness effectively enhanced. By 2014, the number of specialized villages whose leading products had obtained certification for pollution-free agricultural products, green food and organic agricultural products had reached 23,000, and specialized villages possessing registered trademarks, provincial-level or above famous brand products, and geographical indication product protection certification accounted for 26.9%, 8.1% and 17.4% of the total respectively. Anyue County, Sichuan Province, through brand building, saw Anyue lemon successively win the titles of national geographical indication protection product and China Well-known Trademark, and enjoy the honors of “Famous Fruit of China” and “Ten Treasures of Tianfu”.
(4) Organizational models are increasingly rich, and developing one village one product has become an important carrier for cultivating new types of business entities and innovating the agricultural operation system
Experience in various places proves that specialized villages and towns are the basic platform for cultivating new types of agricultural business entities; the development of one village one product has given rise to the development of new types of business entities, and the development and growth of new entities in turn promotes the faster development of one village one product.
Through one village one product, organizational methods such as village-community interaction and village-enterprise linkage have emerged, and multiple entities such as large specialized households, family farms, farmers' cooperatives, leading enterprises and socialized service organizations coexist prosperously and develop cooperatively, gradually forming an interwoven operating mechanism. By the end of 2014, 66.9% of specialized villages nationwide had established farmers' cooperatives, and in specialized villages the households joining farmers' cooperatives accounted for nearly 50% of the total number of working households, much higher than the proportion in ordinary villages, and 39.8% of specialized villages had achieved effective linkage with leading enterprises.
(5) Stimulating the internal impetus of rural areas, and developing one village one product has become an important platform for cultivating new-type professional farmers and improving farmers' capacity for self-development
Through the development of one village one product, farmers' entrepreneurial enthusiasm has been effectively stimulated, farmers have gained a better understanding of local resource advantages and development potential, and in the process of developing specialty products farmers have learned advanced planting and breeding skills, processing techniques and marketing skills, bringing up a large number of new-type professional farmers. It can be said that developing one village one product is a vivid embodiment of mass entrepreneurship and innovation in rural China.
(6) Agricultural functions are gradually expanding, and developing one village one product has become an important foundation for extending the industrial chain and promoting the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas
With the development of one village one product, in some villages and towns the leading industries have gradually grown, effectively driving the development of related industries such as agricultural product processing, storage, packaging and transportation in themselves and surrounding areas, extending the industrial chain and value chain; some villages and towns fully tap the functions of agriculture such as leisure and sightseeing, cultural inheritance and ecological protection, and actively develop rural tourism, folk culture industries and ecological characteristic agriculture; still other villages and towns, conforming to changes in market sales models, actively develop emerging business forms such as e-commerce and online marketing, effectively promoting the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas.
Practice has proved that one village one product is an effective model for developing the agricultural and rural economy and has played a unique and important role in promoting the construction of characteristic modern agriculture. But it should also be noted that the overall development level of one village one product in China still needs to be improved, the number of specialized villages is not yet large enough, the industrial level is low, the product grade is not high, and rural talent is lacking. In some places, there is inadequate understanding of the importance of developing one village one product, insufficient attention, and a lack of necessary policy support. These problems should be seriously addressed.