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A Detailed Guide to Identifying and Controlling Common Pests of Shiitake Mushrooms
1. Mites, commonly known as fungus lice, are divided into two types: flour mites and straw itch mites. Straw itch mites are small and difficult to see with the naked eye; they tend to gather in clusters on the surface of the growing substrate. Flour mites are larger, white and shiny, do not form clusters, and appear powdery when numerous. On shiitake mushroom blocks infested by mites, the mycelium is gnawed on, and in severe cases the mycelium can be eaten completely. If mites occur in the spawn, a cotton plug dipped in 50% dichlorvos can be inserted to fumigate and kill them. If mites appear during the mycelium-running stage, they can be killed by spraying 0.5% dichlorvos, or by spraying a 2000-fold dilution of 25% permethrin-ester compound. If mites occur during the fruiting stage
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Detailed Guide to Controlling the Three Major Diseases of Onions and Garlic
I. Purple blotch. It mainly affects chives, Welsh onions, garlic, onions, and Chinese chives, and is a major disease of Welsh onions and garlic, with leaves and flower stalks being the main affected parts. The lesions are initially water-soaked, grayish white, slightly sunken, and later expand into oval or spindle shapes, becoming purplish brown. When humidity is high, the diseased area produces black mold layers arranged in concentric rings. In severe cases, it causes leaves and stalks to die or break over. The disease occurs severely under warm, humid conditions or when there is a lack of fertilizer and drought. Fields with sandy soil, dry land, and severe thrips damage have severe disease incidence. (1) Agricultural
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Rice midge harms rice, how can it be controlled effectively?
Rice midge, commonly known as red worm or red thread worm, damages the young roots and young shoots of rice with its larvae, causing floating seedlings, and feeds on the embryo and endosperm of ungerminated seeds, preventing the seeds from germinating. Rice seedling fields and direct-seeded fields suffer severe damage. The adult is a small moth, with wings shorter than the body; when resting, the front legs are raised and swing up and down. The larvae are red or pale yellow, with a limb-like protrusion on the ventral side of the prothorax. It occurs 2-3 generations per year, and the first generation damages rice. It overwinters as nymphs and adults in weeds. Adults appear in early May of the second year, and lay eggs in late May.
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Timely Control of the Rice Leaf Roller Is Essential and Cannot Be Delayed
The rice leaf roller is one of the major rice pests in our province. Its larvae damage the leaves, turning rice leaves into a mass of withered white. Especially when it attacks at the booting or heading stage, it will cause a sharp decline in rice yield. This pest has seven generations a year, and the second-generation larvae are the most numerous and cause the most serious damage to early rice. If control is not timely, it will break out in a major outbreak during the heading period, causing incalculable losses. For forecasting the rice leaf roller, the appropriate control timing should be determined based on the forecast of the occurrence period. Based on past conditions, investigation should begin 4 days after the peak of the moth flight
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Rice seedlings turning yellow, leaves curling, leaf-rolling: what to do? A detailed guide to prevention and control
There are many causes of the rice leaf-rolling phenomenon, and the most common one is the rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). Damage characteristics: the larvae bind silk to roll rice leaves lengthwise into larval cases, and the larvae hide inside and feed on the mesophyll, leaving only the epidermis, forming white streaks, which reduces the 1000-grain weight of rice, increases empty grains, and causes yield loss. Control agents: 1. Select rice varieties resistant to (or tolerant of) the pest, fertilize reasonably, so that the rice grows and develops vigorously, and prevent excessive early growth and excessive tillering as well as late-season stay-green and delayed maturity. Manage water scientifically, adjust the drainage (field-drying) time appropriately, and reduce field humidity during the larval hatching period
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Which insecticide is effective for controlling the rice stem maggot?
The rice stem maggot has broken out and caused disasters in most rice-growing areas in China in recent years, making it a serious pest. At present, an insecticide for controlling pests such as the rice stem maggot has been successfully invented. The purpose of this invention is to provide a highly effective and low-toxicity insecticide specifically for controlling the rice stem maggot pest. The insecticide of this invention is prepared by mixing two agents, fipronil and imidacloprid, in a weight ratio of (1:0.1) to (0.1:1), and can be made into various formulations such as seed coating agents, seed dressing agents, suspension concentrates, powders, and emulsifiable concentrates. The advantages are: its insecticidal effect on the rice stem maggot
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What methods are there for controlling the sex of fish?
Controlling the sex of fish is an effective way to increase fish production. Generally, sex hormones can be used to induce the sex of fish to develop in the direction people want. Sex hormones are divided into two types: those secreted by the testes are male hormones, and those secreted by the ovaries are female hormones. The primitive germinal epithelium tissue of fish simultaneously has two components: the cortex, which determines development toward female, and the medulla, which determines development toward male. Under the action of female hormones, the cortex differentiates into ovaries, while the medulla does not develop, resulting in a female with egg-laying reproductive function; conversely, under the action of male hormones, the fish will become male. Therefore, during
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How should reishi mushroom bridge worms be prevented and controlled?
The reishi mushroom bridge worm (scientific name to be determined) belongs to the order Lepidoptera, family Geometridae. This pest damages reishi mushroom fruiting bodies. Young larvae feed on the surface and edges of the cap, causing pits and notches. After the 3rd instar, they can bore directly into the interior of the fruiting body and excrete large amounts of frass, which not only contaminates the mushroom bodies but also encourages the proliferation of weeds such as green mold, harming reishi mushroom growth and reducing yield and quality. (1) Morphological characteristics. Adult: body length 12 mm, wingspan 25-28 mm, body grayish black; antennae filiform, outer margin of forewing with 8 small black spots, a larger black spot in the middle of the costal margin,
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How should Neurospora disease in lingzhi (reishi) be prevented and controlled?
The scientific name of Neurospora is Neurosporasitophila Sh. et Dodge; it is also called red bread mold (Neurospora sitophila) or red bread mold, bread mold, Neurospora, and Monilia. It belongs to the subdivision Ascomycotina, order Sordariales, genus Neurospora. It is a contaminant fungus that poses a very great threat in the production of lingzhi edible mushroom spawn. It spreads relatively quickly. Symptoms: after the mother spawn is infected, flesh-red to red conidial masses form on the outside of the cotton plug, surrounding the entire bottle mouth, and at the slightest touch there is a phenomenon of powder scattering and spreading.
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What are the characteristics of the black locust seed chalcid, and how can it be controlled?
The black locust seed chalcid mainly damages black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Its larvae feed on the seeds inside the pods. Adult: body length about 3 mm, black, antennae yellowish-brown, thorax raised, wings transparent, covered with short spines, wing venation simple, slightly yellow. Egg: spindle-shaped, with a long slender stalk at one end. Larva: mature body length about 4 mm, milky white, head inconspicuous, mandibles brown, body curved. The black locust seed chalcid has 2 generations per year. It overwinters as a larva inside the seed. In the following year it generally pupates between April and May, and adults emerge and lay eggs after early to mid-May
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