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Prevention and Control Methods for Contaminant Fungi in Mushroom Cultivation
The main contaminant fungi in mushroom cultivation are mainly Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus, etc., and are among the most common contaminant fungi in spawn production and cooked-substrate production. This type of mold prefers high-temperature, humid environments; for example, Trichoderma spores can survive long-term in soil and organic materials or in cracks in the walls of the growing shed, and spread through air, casing soil materials, tools, etc. 1. Preventive measures are: use Baibing Quwuzong to thoroughly disinfect and kill the mushroom shed; during the spawn-running and fruiting periods, spray a fungicidal agent about once every 5 days; in production, Baibing Quwuzong and Mushroom Bing-ling can be used alternately. 2.
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What are the control methods for mushroom droplet disease?
Droplet disease is caused by infection with rod-shaped bacteria. Its symptoms are colorless or yellowish-gray droplets of varying sizes produced on the mushroom bodies. Brown or yellow, sometimes green, small spots appear on the caps. This disease was first discovered in France, is rare in the United States and Japan, and has not yet been reported in China. Control measures: keep the inside and outside of the mushroom house clean and hygienic, strengthen ventilation and air exchange, and do not make the mushroom house too humid.
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What are the control methods for mushroom rust spot disease?
Mushroom rust spot disease, also called brown spot disease or bacterial blotch, is caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii, an acidophilic species of the genus Pseudomonas. It spreads through insects, tools, the hands of workers and other carriers. The disease is severe when the casing soil of the mushroom bed has a pH below 5.5, when ventilation is poor, when humidity is too high, and when the mushroom caps remain constantly moist and sticky after watering. Its symptoms are: it generally infects only the epidermal layer of the mushroom cap, causing spots of varying size that are initially yellowish-brown and rust-like in appearance, which later gradually turn brown or black, and sometimes scars with mucus also appear on the caps.
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What are the control methods for mushroom soft rot?
Soft rot is also called wet disease and Dactylium disease. The disease is caused by infection with Dactylium fungi. It is mostly spread through airflow and splashed water droplets, and spores contaminating the casing soil can also cause the disease. Casing soil that is too wet and temperatures that are too low also make this disease more likely to occur. Dactylium fungi mostly occur on the surface of the mushroom bed. White cottony (also called cobweb-like) mycelium first appears on the mushroom bed. If it is not dealt with in time, the mycelium spreads rapidly and completely surrounds the small mushroom buds. At first only a clump of white mycelium is seen, and later it turns water-red. After the fruiting bodies are infected, the mushrooms become soft, collapse
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What are the control methods for mushroom damping-off disease?
Mushroom damping-off disease, also known as wilt disease, is caused by infection with Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli. It is mainly spread through contaminated soil. The fungus has a strong saprophytic ability and can survive for a long time in soil and diseased plant debris. This disease mainly attacks the mushroom stipe; after infection, the pith of the stipe shrinks and turns brown. Early-infected diseased mushrooms show no difference in appearance from healthy ones, except that the fruiting body becomes shorter and smaller, the cap is darker in color, and the fruiting body stops growing and gradually becomes a "rigid mushroom." In addition, after the fruiting body is infected, the pathogen secretes toxins that destroy mycelial growth or cause small primordia to die, thereby affecting the next flush of mushrooms, which either fails to grow or dies. Pink mold patches can be seen on the surface of the growing medium.
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Common Pest and Disease Control Methods for Greenhouse Mushrooms
The main diseases of mushrooms in greenhouses are: (1) "white rot," also known as brown rot or Mycogone perniciosa disease, which is the most common and most damaging fungal disease among greenhouse mushroom diseases. (2) "ink cap seedlings," also known as wild mushrooms. The main insect pests are mushroom flies, mosquitoes, nematodes, mites, etc. How can these pests and diseases be controlled? Through several years of practice, we have summarized the following experiences for everyone's reference: 1. White rot. Completely eliminating this fungus is not very easy. But we can start from the word "prevention," that is,
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What are the effective control methods for mushroom fungus maggots
There are many kinds of maggot-like larvae that damage mushroom fruiting bodies and mycelium, collectively known as "fungus maggots." The four more common ones are mushroom gnats, gall midges, mushroom flies, and dung flies. Their larvae--maggots--look roughly similar in morphology to the naked eye, and among the adults only the gnats and flies show obvious differences. The morphology and even the living habits of gall midges, mushroom flies, and dung flies are very similar, so they are often mistaken for just one species, all called "fungus flies." Fungus maggots (larvae) bore into and eat the fruiting bodies, turning the mushrooms into waste products, and some damage the mycelium. Bored into and eaten by fungus maggots
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Identification and Control Methods of Diseases in the Seedling Stage of Panax notoginseng
Because Panax notoginseng grows year-round in a shaded and humid environment, diseases such as black spot, round spot, phytophthora blight, rust rot and powdery mildew occur and cause serious damage, with annual losses from various diseases reaching 30%-40%, and in severe cases over 80%. The stage of emergence and leaf growth, when the plant is tender, the root system is underdeveloped and stress resistance is poor, is an important period for initial infection by many pathogens. If spring rain comes early and frequently, the disease spreads rapidly and the damage and losses are severe. Panax notoginseng generally takes 60-75 days from sowing to emergence; strengthening
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How to prevent early bolting in Angelica sinensis? Detailed control methods
Angelica sinensis is native to high-cold mountain areas and is a low-temperature long-day plant. During its individual development, the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth requires passing through two developmental stages: the vernalization stage (requiring a low temperature of 0-5°C) and the photoperiod stage (requiring a long-day photoperiod of more than 12 hours). Therefore, artificial cultivation requires growing seedlings in the first year (raising seedlings), harvesting the roots for medicinal use in the second year, and collecting seeds from bolting, flowering and fruiting in the third year. However, in production practice, Angelica sinensis often bolts and flowers abundantly during June-July of the second year of cultivation, with the bolting rate in normal years ranging from 10-30%
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Harm and Control Methods of Angelica Rust
The pathogen is Puccinia angelicae (P. angelicae). Urediniospores are oval to oblong-elliptical, yellowish-brown, (25-42) micrometers x (22-30) micrometers, with small spines on the surface and 3 germ pores. Teliospores are elliptical to club-shaped, chestnut-brown, (32-49) x (17-26) micrometers, with rounded ends and slightly constricted at the septum; the stalk is colorless and deciduous. Single-spored teliospores sometimes occur. 1. Damage symptoms: It damages leaves, and also damages petioles and fruit stalks. Uredinial pustules are scattered or clustered on the underside of leaves, exposed, brown. Telio
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