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Why do continuous and alternating soybean cropping reduce yields? Cause analysis and countermeasures
With China's accession to the WTO and the opening-up policies of the grain market, the problem of continuous and alternating soybean cropping has become increasingly serious, and the yield reduction increases as the number of consecutive cropping years rises. According to surveys and research, alternating cropping reduces yield by 6.1%, one year of continuous cropping by 9.9%, two years of continuous cropping by 13.8%, and three years of continuous cropping by 19.0%. Moreover, in continuous and alternating cropping soybeans, the 100-seed weight decreases, the rate of diseased seeds and insect-damaged seeds increases, and commercial quality drops significantly. With long-term continuous cropping of more than 3 years, the protein content of soybeans increases markedly while the fat content decreases markedly. According to research by scientific research departments
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Reasons for Yield Reduction in Continuous and Alternate Soybean Cropping and Yield-Preserving Techniques
I. Reasons for Yield Reduction in Continuous and Alternate Soybean Cropping Continuous and alternate soybean cropping causes plants to grow slowly and become short, with yellowing leaves, fewer pods, and fewer seeds, ultimately leading to a significant reduction in yield. In the short term, continuous and alternate cropping intensifies the damage from cyst nematodes, root maggots, root rot, pod borers, gray leaf spot, and malignant weeds, causes unbalanced depletion of soil nutrients, leads to deficiencies in soil nutrient elements, increases pathogenic fungi and decreases beneficial bacteria in the soil, and produces certain toxins, resulting in a severe decline in soybean yield and quality. In the long term, after long-term accumulation and reproduction, diseases, insects
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What to Do About Soybean Cyst Nematode (Dahuolong Yangzi)? A Detailed Guide to Prevention and Control
Soybean cyst nematode disease, also known as Verticillium wilt, yellow dwarf disease, and root nematode disease, is called "dahuolong yangzi" (fire dragon seedling) by farmers. According to reports, more than 22.5 million mu of soybeans in 14 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China have been infected with this disease. Soybean cyst nematode disease damages the soybean root system, causing poor growth and development of the aboveground parts of the plant, shortened and dwarfed internodes, yellowing leaves, reduced pod set, and lower yield, with general yield reductions of 10%-30%. Severely affected fields may suffer almost total crop loss. After soybeans are parasitized by nematodes, the main root and lateral roots develop poorly, and fibrous roots increase,
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What are the key points of soybean cultivation techniques?
Soybean is one of the important oil crops in our country, and Shandong soybeans are renowned throughout China. Shandong Province has unique advantages in soybean improved-variety breeding, with a stable soybean seed production base year after year. Its improved varieties are sold to hundreds of counties and cities across most of Shandong, as well as Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei and other provinces, and have long been known as hybrid soybeans, becoming a famous-brand product in the Huang-Huai River basin. High-yield soybean cultivation techniques are one of the important technical measures for achieving high yields. To obtain a relatively high yield level, improved varieties must also be matched with improved methods, so as to achieve the goal of a high and abundant harvest.
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What causes soybean pods to be not plump? How to prevent it
Soybean pods that are not plump seriously affect the high yield and quality of soybean. Through investigation, research and analysis, the main causes are: 1. Insufficient nutrition in the late stage. Soybean consumes a lot of nutrients after flowering, and in various places when soybean is intercropped or relay-cropped, no fertilizer is applied and no topdressing is done. After full flowering of soybean, nutrition is insufficient, leaves turn yellow prematurely, plants are short, stems are thin, and leaves are small. This makes late pods or weak pods of the same node flower cluster unfilled, and it often occurs on sloping barren land and in varieties with many flowers and many pods. 2. Nutritional imbalance. In fertile land, or when nitrogen fertilizer is excessive in fertilization, under shaded conditions of intercropping and relay cropping, carbon assimilation is weak
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Causes of and Preventive Measures for Soybean Pods Without Seeds
I. Causes of Pods Without Seeds 1. Improper selection of variety or planting system. Generally speaking, late-maturing varieties with poor resistance are affected by relatively low temperatures during grain filling, which seriously affects the filling rate and thus induces the formation of pods without seeds. Continuous and alternate-year soybean planting causes a sharp decrease in the boron content of soil nutrients. Since boron is an important trace element that promotes the formation and growth of soybean pods, its deficiency induces soybean pods without seeds. At the same time, continuous and alternate-year soybean planting leads to more severe soybean diseases and pests, thereby inducing pods without seeds.
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Key Techniques for High-Efficiency Cultivation of Soybean Intercropped with Melon
Soybean intercropped with melon at a 4:2 ratio, with Chinese cabbage replanted as the following crop after melon harvest, achieves three harvests from one field and an income of more than 15,000 yuan per hectare, making it a new high-yield and high-efficiency planting model. 1. Selecting new varieties 1.1 For the soybean variety, select Jinta soybean, which has strong branching and super-high yield. Jinta soybean has 6 outstanding characteristics: 1) Strong growth vigor. Jinta soybean has a plant height of 70-80 cm, thick and sturdy stems, and high resistance to lodging; 2) Strong branching ability. A single plant has 8-10 branches, with a maximum of 16 branches. The branches grow upward, and the plant takes on a fan shape without breaking branches, overcoming the tendency of strongly branching soybeans to break branches, resulting in an ideal plant type; 3) Dense pod setting. A single plant sets 200-250 pods, with a maximum of 400 pods. The pods are so dense that the stems are hidden, 2-3 times that of other soybeans. Most pods are 3-seeded, with a yield of 75-100 g per plant and a maximum of 400 g; 4) Excellent quality. The beans are golden yellow, large and uniform, with a 100-seed weight of 22-25 g and high oil and protein content; 5) Strong stress resistance. The growth period is 120 days and requires an effective accumulated temperature of 2450°C. It is drought-resistant, moisture-tolerant, and salt-alkali tolerant, and prefers fertilizer and water. It is suitable for planting in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia in areas with an effective accumulated temperature above 2450°C; 6) High and stable yield. The yield per hectare is 4000-5000 kg, making it a high-yielding, high-quality soybean variety.
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Key Integrated Management Techniques for Soybeans During the Flowering and Podding Stage
When soybeans enter the flowering and podding stage, vegetative growth and reproductive growth proceed together, requiring sufficient water, nutrients and light. In terms of cultivation measures, vegetative growth and reproductive growth should be coordinated to achieve many pods and many seeds. The main measures should include the following "three preventions" and strengthened management during the seed-filling and maturation stage. The "three preventions" measures during the flowering and podding stage (1) Preventing excessive vegetative growth: when soybeans have shown 2 tillers and are flowering, use 30 grams of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder per mu, mix with 40 kg of water, and spray to top the plants, which can shorten internodes, control top vine growth, increase flowers and preserve pods, so that pods cover the top; (2) Preventing drought and waterlogging: during the soybean flowering period, attention should be paid to summer drought, seepage and moisture retention, and in case of severe waterlogging, drain promptly to reduce waterlogging damage; (3) Controlling pests: from the end of July to mid-August is the peak outbreak period for soybean semi-looper, bean hawk moth, leaf roller, alfalfa noctuid and other pests. Pesticides with contact and stomach poison effects such as fenvalerate or cypermethrin plus dimethoate emulsion or dichlorvos can be used for control, eliminating pests at the 1st-2nd instar stage.
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What causes yellow leaves in soybeans before flowering
In recent years, yellow leaf disease has occurred rather widely on soybeans and other legume crops. If not controlled in time, it can cause serious harm to crop growth. For example, when it occurs early, the leaves turn yellow, the plants are short and stunted, and no pods form. When it occurs at the mid stage, even if pods form, they contain no seeds, and even if there are seeds, they are shriveled, causing severe yield loss or total crop failure. The causes are as follows: First, long-term application of chemical fertilizers and reduced use of farmyard manure have caused soil compaction. Second, in recent years, the use of combine harvesters for harvesting wheat and the widespread practice of burning wheat stubble have destroyed the surface structure of the soil. Third, nutrient deficiency
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Detailed Explanation of Key Points of Soybean Good Seed Propagation Technology
Soybean is a self-pollinating crop. Due to mechanical mixing, adverse climatic conditions and cultivation conditions, as well as natural hybridization and other reasons, seed quality often deteriorates. Therefore, self-pollinated seeds cannot be used for a long time, and seeds should be replaced every three years. Thus, it is necessary to persist in purification and rejuvenation and to do a good job in good breeding work in order to maintain the seed quality of superior varieties. 1. Methods for purification and rejuvenation of soybean varieties (1) Line selection The commonly used method for soybean purification and rejuvenation consists of three steps: individual plant selection, line identification, and mixed high-multiplication propagation. Separate individual plant selection
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