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A Detailed Explanation of Chemical Mulching Technology and Application Methods of Soil Structure Amendments
With the development of the economy and society, the problem of water scarcity has become a constraining factor for China's agriculture and economic and social development. Water-saving and moisture-preserving technologies for dryland agriculture are particularly important. Chemical mulching technology is one of many water-saving technologies; it uses asphalt emulsion,
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What Are the Symptoms of Walnut Anthracnose? A Detailed Guide to Prevention and Control Methods
1. Distribution and occurrence characteristics Walnut anthracnose generally occurs mostly from June to August, with slight variations from place to place. In Jiangsu, Henan and Shandong it occurs from late June to early July, and in Hebei and Liaoning in August. The pathogen overwinters as mycelium and conidia in diseased fruits, diseased leaves or bud scales, and the following
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Walnut Bacterial Blight
1. Distribution and Occurrence Characteristics Widely distributed in walnut-producing areas such as Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Liaoning, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shanxi, and Gansu, with severe incidence in some areas. Infection generally begins in mid-to-late May. The pathogenic bacteria overwinter in the lesions of diseased branch tips or in diseased buds. In the spring of the following year, the bacteria spread by wind and rain splashing onto leaves, fruits, and young branches, causing damage. The pathogen can infect floral organs, so pollen can also carry the bacteria, and insects are also vectors. The bacteria invade through stomata, lenticels, nectaries, and various wounds. Under conditions of sufficient humidity, temperatures within the range of 4-30°C can cause infection of leaves, and 5-27°C can cause infection of fruits. The incubation period varies in different parts: 5-34 days on fruits and 8-18 days on leaves.
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Walnut Rot Disease
1. Distribution and occurrence characteristics. Also known as black water disease, it occurs in Henan, Shanxi, Shandong, Sichuan and other places. The pathogen overwinters in the diseased parts as mycelium or stroma and pycnidia. After the sap of the walnut tree begins to flow the following spring, when suitable conditions for disease development occur, conidia are produced,
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A Detailed Guide to Walnut Drying and Dehydration Methods
1. Natural Sun-Drying and Dehydration After the walnut nuts are cleaned, they must not be exposed to direct sunlight, to avoid the shells splitting and the kernels spoiling. The washed nuts should first be dried in the shade on bamboo mats or sorghum stalk mats for half a day, and once most of the moisture has evaporated, they can be spread out on reed mats or bamboo mats to dry in the sun. Spread
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Post-Harvest De-Greening and Rinsing Methods for Walnuts
1. De-greening treatment. According to measurements, freshly harvested walnut green husks have a moisture content of 40%-45%, and the kernels have a moisture content of 20%-25%. Such high moisture content makes walnuts prone to rotting and deterioration after harvest. Therefore, after harvesting, walnuts should promptly undergo de-greening treatment.
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How to Determine the Harvest Time of Walnuts? A Detailed Guide to Harvesting Methods
Timely harvesting of walnuts is very important. If harvested too early, the green husk is difficult to peel off, the kernel is not plump, the yield decreases, the kernel yield rate is low, the oil yield rate during processing also decreases, and the nuts are not resistant to storage. According to measurements, harvesting 1 day early on average reduces the dry fruit weight by 0.49%, and the kernel weight by
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What are the conditions and methods for storing walnuts?
Compared with fruits, the physiological metabolism and compositional changes of walnut kernels are relatively stable, which gives walnuts a relatively long storage life. However, when walnuts are not sold or processed immediately, suitable storage conditions must be provided for them, and reasonable
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Occurrence Characteristics and Control Methods of Walnut Canker
1. Distribution and occurrence characteristics. It is distributed in most walnut-producing areas. The pathogen mainly overwinters as mycelium within the diseased tissue of the current year. In April of the following year, when the temperature rises to 11.4-15.3°C, it begins to become active. In late May, conidia are formed in large numbers and spread by wind, rain, and other means, mostly invading through wounds
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Nursery Site Selection, Seed Collection, and Seed Storage Methods
1. Selection of the nursery site. Generally, when selecting a nursery site, one needs to consider plots with deep soil layers, high soil organic matter content, a low groundwater table, low salinity and alkalinity, and shelter from the wind and facing the sun; sandy loam or light clay soil is preferable. The nursery site must have irrigation conditions, able to irrigate in dry periods and drain in waterlogged
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