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Detailed Explanation of the Latest Scientific Cultivation Techniques for Greenhouse Chili Peppers
1. Seedling raising. 1.1. Seedbed preparation: Seedlings can be raised using sunny beds, greenhouses, small arched tunnels, solar greenhouses, and other methods. The seedbed area should preferably be 25-30 sq m per mu (two beds 12-15 m long and 1.2 m wide). Seedbed preparation and nutrient soil mixing are the opposite of flue-cured tobacco seedling methods; sheep manure, human feces and urine, and undecomposed barnyard manure must not be used for raising seedlings. Block seedling raising is commonly used, and plastic nutrient pots are best. The specification for block seedling raising is 7-8 cm long and wide (160-200 blocks per sq m), with 2 strong seedlings retained per block, and a bed soil thickness of 10 cm. Use 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl 50-75 g diluted in water to irrigate the seedbed for soil disinfection. Use 50% isofenphos-methyl or 90% trichlorfon crystal 100 g diluted in water and sprinkle on the seedbed to prevent underground pest damage. Irrigate each bed with 4-5 gasoline drums of water, in two applications, with the final watering on the day of harvest.</p><p>1.2. Seed treatment: For cultivation by transplanting seedlings, 100-150 g of chili pepper seed is needed per mu. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 50-54°C (two parts boiling water and one part cold water) for 10-15 minutes, or soak in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, then rinse clean with clear water, and place in a 25-30°C environment to germinate for 3-5 days. Sowing can only begin after 40% of the seeds have "sprouted".</p><p>1.3. Sowing: The chili pepper seedling stage generally requires 60-80 days. The best seedling raising period in our city is from the end of February to early March, and no later than March 10. Use block seedling raising with precision sowing, then cover with 1 cm of soil, and promptly cover with film to retain heat. Sown seeds must meet the seed treatment standard; it is absolutely not allowed to sow after soaking only, or after soaking without germination, or with germination below 40%. Sowing seeds is best done at noon on sunny days, avoiding rain and snow.</p><p>1.4. Seedbed management: After emergence, the temperature inside the seedbed should be 23-27°C during the day and 14-15°C at night. For block seedling raising and nutrient pot seedling raising, retain 2 strong seedlings per block (pot). When seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, spray with thiophanate-methyl 1000x solution or iprodione 800-1000x solution, or propamocarb 400-600x solution, to prevent the spread of chili pepper phytophthora blight and other diseases. After seedling recovery, control the daytime temperature at 23-27°C and nighttime temperature at 14-15°C. Reduce temperature appropriately and control water to harden seedlings 15 days before transplanting.</p><p></p><p><strong>2. Transplanting</strong></p><p>2.1. Fertilization and land preparation: For chili pepper land, continuous cropping plots should be avoided as much as possible. Deep plow the land before winter, and harrow and rake in early spring to preserve soil moisture. In combination with spring plowing, apply per mu in holes or furrows 25-50 kg of superphosphate, 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate, or 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 5000 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure. Form ridges with a ridge width of 1.1 m, ridge height of 10-15 cm, and ridge surface width of 60 cm.</p><p>2.2. Timely transplanting: For open-field cultivation with plastic film mulching, transplanting should be carried out from late April to early May after the last frost. Transplant in double rows with wide rows 60 cm, narrow rows 50 cm, and hole spacing 30 cm, with 2 plants per hole in a “pin” shape, with about 8000 plants per mu. If drought occurs during transplanting, transplant with water to increase the survival rate. Before transplanting, spray thiophanate-methyl or propamocarb, etc., to prevent disease spread.</p><p><strong>3. Field management</strong></p><p>After transplanting, promptly remove weeds in the field and strengthen fertilizer and water management and pest and disease control. Apply less nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage; appropriately increase the amount of fertilizer at the bud stage, but nitrogen fertilizer should not be excessive or too rapid, to prevent lodging, flower drop, and excessive vegetative growth in the early stage; apply a small amount of topdressing during the fruiting stage. Generally, apply topdressing once after each harvest. The specific method is to mix 10 kg of urea and 20 kg of superphosphate extract per mu with 40-50 kg of water, and inject into holes 20 cm from the plants, or use 0.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with 20-30 kg of water for foliar spraying, to promote early reflowering, early fruit setting, and early red ripening.</p><p><strong>4. Pest and disease control</strong></p><p>The main diseases of chili pepper are: viral disease, phytophthora blight, anthracnose, damping-off, and luxuriant growth disease. The main pests are: aphids, fruit borers, etc. 1. Aphids: spray with trisodium phosphate plus washing powder 500x solution; or spray with 2.5% kung fu emulsifiable concentrate 2000-4000x solution; 2. Phytophthora blight and anthracnose: spray with 65% zineb wettable powder 500x solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000x solution, or irrigate with 50% carbendazim 800x solution; 3. If focal diseased plants appear in the field, irrigate the roots with 50% metalaxyl wettable powder 250x solution or 0.3% copper sulfate to block and control the disease foci.</p><p><strong>5. Harvesting chili peppers</strong></p><p>Because the ways of eating chili peppers differ, the harvesting standards also differ. Fresh-eating green peppers should be harvested when the fruit is fully expanded and set in shape; red peppers for pickling and drying should be harvested when the fruit is 70% ripe. The methods for drying chili peppers include: natural drying method. That is, bundle them into strings while harvesting, and put them on racks to air-dry naturally.</p><p>Use manual picking. The tools used during harvesting and the containers and packaging materials must be clean and hygienic, and must not cause contamination of organic chili peppers; store separately from other vegetables, and achieve separate harvesting, separate transport, and separate storage to prevent mixing; chili peppers for market must be fresh, clean, and free of insect spots and disease spots.
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How to scientifically raise tomato seedlings? Detailed explanation of the technical key points
Seedlings are the foundation of plant development, and good seedlings are the foundation of plant growth. The growth of tomatoes is also inseparable from high-quality seedlings. Tomatoes first exist in the form of seeds. For a tiny tomato seed to become individual tomato plants, it must inevitably go through careful cultivation.
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Detailed Explanation of Paris polyphylla Seed Propagation and High-Yield Cultivation Techniques
When it comes to Paris polyphylla, many people are certainly familiar with it and should have some understanding of it, but how much do we know about its cultivation techniques? Today let us step into the world of cultivation and take a deeper look at Paris polyphylla, which has high nutritional and medicinal value.
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How much does it generally cost to grow rice?
Summary Taking one mu of rice as an example, the expenses during the rice seedling raising period require about 102 yuan, the expenses for pesticides and the like are about 220 yuan, and the field management costs are about 630 yuan, bringing the total cost to about 952 yuan. Prices may differ between regions, so everyone should
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Fish Mint Planting Techniques: A Detailed Guide to Three Propagation Methods - Division, Cuttings and Seedling Raising
Summary Stem propagation: choose a suitable propagation method and plant fish mint stems in a sandy loam seedbed; transplant when the seedlings have grown 2 axillary buds. Land: choose a flat site with sufficient water and convenient drainage and irrigation, and deep-plough and fertilise before planting. Land preparation and bed making:
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When to start bottle gourd seedlings? Mid-March in the south, April in the north
Abstract The timing for raising bottle gourd seedlings varies by region. The most suitable temperature for raising seedlings is 20-25°C, so in the south sowing and seedling raising generally begin in mid-March. In the north, because temperatures are lower, seedlings are generally raised in greenhouses in April, and after sowing the ground needs to be
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Seedling Raising, Sowing and Cultivation Techniques for Oilseed Peony from August to October
Abstract Nursery site selection: Choose sandy soil with relatively high terrain, good drainage, relatively loose soil and fertile texture as the nursery site. Seed soaking and germination promotion: Soak the seeds in warm water at about 50°C for about 2 days, then mix in a small amount of plant ash before sowing. Timely sowing: Sow
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When to raise sweet potato slips? Do a good job of insulation
Abstract The time for raising sweet potato slips depends on the region and climate. Generally, the time for raising slips is around March. In the south, slips can be raised starting in February, while in the north, slips can be raised before Qingming Festival. Because the temperature is relatively low when raising sweet potato slips, they need to be raised in a hotbed
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Key Technical Points and Management Methods for Growing Luffa in Open Fields
Summary Sowing and seedling raising: First, soak and germinate the seeds, then select well-germinated seeds for proper sowing, and control the temperature well. Transplanting and fertilizing: When the seedlings grow to 4 true leaves and 1 heart leaf, they can be reasonably densely planted on a sunny day in April. Sufficient base fertilizer is needed, then deep plow and plant the seedlings. Later management: After transplanting
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Detailed Explanation of High-Yield and Efficient Watermelon Cultivation Techniques
Abstract Seed sprouting and seedling raising: The seeds need to be soaked in warm water. The open-field planting time is from mid-to-late April to early June, and insulated seedling raising is carried out at the end of March or early April. Reasonable close planting: plant about 450-500 plants per mu. Reasonable fertilization: follow the principle of light application and frequent application.
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