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Damage Caused by the Rice Stem Maggot to Hybrid Rice Seed Production and Its Control Methods
The rice stem maggot (Chlorops oryzae Matsumura) is mainly distributed in China in Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing and other provinces and areas. In recent years it has become one of the main insect pests in rice production in the hilly and mountainous areas of Chongqing, and the losses it causes have exceeded those of some important pests such as stem borers. In hybrid rice seed production, the occurrence of the rice stem maggot seriously affects the development process of rice, thus leading to poor flowering-date synchronization between the male and female parents and affecting seed production
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Occurrence of Pests and Diseases in Rice Seedbeds and Current Control Methods
During the rice seedbed stage, aphids, thrips, and damping-off disease mainly occur, harming the growth of rice seedlings. Adult and nymph rice thrips often gather at the leaf auricle, ligule, and inside the central leaf to cause damage; the affected parts first show small yellow-white spots, after which mottled white patches appear on the leaf surface. Affected seedlings recover green slowly, become stunted and fail to grow, appearing as if "stuck in the clump." Damping-off disease mostly occurs in wet (semi-dry) seedling nurseries and dry seedling nurseries, causing seedling death. Because temperatures in early to mid-April are unstable, aphids, thrips, and damping-off disease are prone to occur, affecting full, uniform, and strong seedlings. Agricultural technology centers of all townships and subdistrict offices are requested to strengthen water
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Common Obstacles in Garlic Cultivation and Their Prevention Methods
In agricultural areas, due to a lack of production experience in garlic cultivation, cultivation obstacle factors affecting profitability have emerged. Based on field investigation and research, a set of preventive countermeasures has been developed for reference. 1. Sowing in June-July makes germination difficult, affecting the early market release of green garlic. Under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, garlic takes root and sprouts within one week after sowing. Garlic sown in June-July germinates slowly due to unfavorable conditions such as high temperature and drought, as well as the dormancy of the cloves themselves, requiring 15-30 days. To overcome this obstacle, seed garlic treatment and post-sowing cooling and moisture conservation should be done well. The specific method is: before sowing
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Methods and key technical points for rational close planting of garlic
How should garlic be rationally close-planted? Before sowing, the planting density must first be determined, that is, the number of plants per mu. According to trials in the Cangshan garlic production area, on plots with medium to high production levels, planting 30,000 plants per mu yielded 686.7 kg of fresh garlic bulbs; planting 40,000 plants per mu yielded 920 kg of fresh garlic bulbs, a 33.9% increase over planting 30,000 plants; planting 45,000 plants per mu yielded 526.7 kg of fresh garlic bulbs, a 23.3% decrease. The trials found that when the number of plants per mu exceeded 40,000, although the yield increase was significant, the commercial
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Garlic Seed Selection and Saving Methods and Key Technical Points
Garlic is propagated by using the bulbs as seed. For seed saving, choose bulbs with thick, sturdy stalks, deep green leaves, a good root system, no pests or diseases, and that are large and plump. At the same time, pay attention to timely harvesting. If the bulbs are harvested too early, the cloves will not be plump or firm, and when planted the following year they will have weak germination vigor, uneven emergence, and leaves that curl into tubes without opening; if harvested too late, the outer skin of the bulbs will split, and many cloves will scatter. The harvest time is generally best 25-30 days after the garlic scapes are harvested. At harvest, the aboveground part should have four or five leaves, the cloves should be countable by hand as raised bumps, and the outer skin should be purplish red. When harvesting garlic bulbs, you must
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What to Do About Continuous Garlic Cropping? Detailed Explanation of Prevention and Control Methods
Question: Because garlic has been planted for many years, the garlic in the field now gets sick every year, and the bulbs get smaller year after year. Changing the seed garlic does not help. Is it a problem with the soil? What should be done? Answer: When garlic is continuously cropped for many years, various soil-borne diseases and root maggots worsen year by year, which can easily lead to garlic disease and poor growth. For the above fields, it is best to practice paddy-upland rotation of garlic with rice, or rotate garlic with non-garlic upland crops for more than 3 years.
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Detailed Explanation of Garlic Storage Methods and Technical Points
The key to garlic storage is creating suitable environmental conditions for dormancy, inhibiting sprouting and rot. The ideal environmental conditions for garlic storage are: low temperature, low humidity, and ventilation. The most suitable temperature is around 0°C, and the relative humidity is 70-80%. Its simple fresh storage requires no special or complex process equipment, and even more so no fixed storage site; it adapts to local conditions, uses local materials, has a simple process, and is low in cost. The storage time can reach 7-8 months. Storage methods include hanging storage, rack storage, and pit storage. 1. Hanging storage: After harvest, the garlic must
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How should garlic be stored to keep it fresh? These methods are very practical
1. High-temperature storage. Keeping garlic in a relatively high temperature environment between 28-32°C can keep it from sprouting, thereby extending its storage time, but this method is only suitable for shorter-term storage, because the garlic bulbs are prone to losing water, becoming spongy, and shrinking. 2. Low-humidity storage. Use mechanical refrigeration (constant-temperature warehouse storage) to lower the temperature, inhibit its life activities, and control the sprouting of the cloves. This method is currently widely used. 3. Controlled-atmosphere storage. By using the inhibitory effect of the gaseous environment on life activities, under suitable low-temperature conditions, adjust
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Analysis of Garlic Diseases in Jinxiang and Detailed Explanation of Prevention and Control Methods
Editor's Note: Jinxiang in Shandong is the most important garlic-producing area in China, and in recent years several diseases have been plaguing garlic farmers. Although some newspapers have also reported analyses by many people, many of them are ambiguous and leave readers confused. Recently, this newspaper specially invited Mr. Song Yuanlin, a vegetable expert from the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, to conduct a survey and gather information among garlic farmers. The findings and preliminary conclusions are now made public as follows. Secondary growth of garlic and the hollow garlic phenomenon: In spring, when garlic grows to a certain stage, the scale buds begin to differentiate, the leaves degenerate
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A Detailed Explanation of Eight Advanced Rice Transplanting Methods
1. Improved Intensive Cultivation: Transplant young seedlings early at the 3-leaf to 4-leaf 1-heart stage. Fields with good water sources should be transplanted early, while fields with poor water sources can be transplanted slightly later. Both dry-raised and water-raised seedlings are suitable, but basal fertilizer must be applied in full, the soil deeply plowed and leveled, strong seedlings selected as much as possible, and transplanting done in shallow water; both row spacing and hill spacing are 1 chi 3 cun, with three individual plants per hill spaced 3 cun apart in a triangular arrangement. This transplanting method has density within sparseness and sparseness within density, minimizing competition among plants for nutrients and sunlight to the greatest extent, which benefits individual plant development and thus can greatly increase yield. It is the most advocated transplanting method today. Two
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