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Key Technical Points for Autumn Potato Cultivation with Rice Straw Mulching (Part 2)
4. Timely early sowing. Potatoes prefer a cool climate, and the sowing period should be when the daily average temperature steadily drops below 25°C. In plain and hilly areas below 500 m in altitude, the suitable sowing period is from late August to early September; in low mountainous areas at 500-800 m in altitude, the suitable sowing period is in late August. 5. Reasonable close planting and sufficient base fertilizer. For fields with rice stubble potatoes intercropped with rapeseed, both potatoes and rapeseed are planted in wide-narrow row patterns. For potatoes, the wide row is 0.6 m, the narrow row is 0.2 m, the hill spacing is 0.22 m, and about 700
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Technical Analysis of Adjustments to Beam Trawl Fishing Gear and Methods
At present, beam trawl shrimp trawling has become one of the important operating methods of marine fishing in coastal fishing areas, and its output value as a proportion of the total marine fishery output value has risen year after year. Since this operating method belongs to single-boat bottom beam trawl operation, its gear design, rigging, operational adjustment, and fishing ground selection and other stages are all fairly highly technical, so even a slight oversight can affect shrimp trawling production. In particular, the adjustment techniques in beam trawl operation are the key to fishing production technology. For example, in production practice everyone often encounters this phenomenon: the same
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Preliminary Processing Methods and Key Technical Points for Raw Rabbit Hides
After tanning, rabbit hides can be made into collars, hats, children's coats and clothing, etc. They are both lightweight and attractive, and are very popular. Below are some commonly used preliminary processing methods for raw rabbit hides. When selecting rabbit hides, the first step in deciding whether to keep the hide of a slaughtered rabbit is to look and then to feel. First, look at the size of the rabbit and whether the fur is glossy. Hides from malnourished or diseased rabbits should not be used; hides with sparse, messy fur should not be used; hides from rabbits that are too small should not be used. Choose hides whose coat hair is glossy. Second, feel whether the hair sheds and whether the hide is thick and feels good. If the hair sheds,
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Crystal Prawn Balls Recipe and Cooking Techniques
Cooking category: Stir-fry | Cuisine: Cantonese | Ingredient category: Shrimp and crab | Taste: Salty and fresh | Appearance, aroma and flavor: Snow-white and translucent, crisp to the bite, best in summer | Main ingredient: Prawns (10) | Secondary ingredients: MSG (12.5 g), refined salt (a pinch), water chestnut flour (a pinch), sesame oil (a pinch), pepper (a pinch) | Preparation: 1) Shell the prawns and remove the heads and tails, then use a knife to shave off the dark membrane on the surface. Slice each prawn into 3 pieces and soak in alkaline water (for every 500 g
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Soft-shell syndrome in prawns occurs at a high rate; how can it be prevented and treated in farming?
Prevention and treatment of soft-shell syndrome, which prawn farming is prone to
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Detailed Explanation of the Key Technical Points for Raw-Material Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms
I. Significance of raw-material cultivation 1. The substrate has a wide range of sources and is easy to obtain locally, such as sawdust, cottonseed hulls, soybean stalk powder, corn cobs, etc. 2. The raw-material cultivation process is simple and greatly saves labor and working hours. 3. Raw-material cultivation has a short cycle and quick returns. From pressing the blocks or bagging and inoculating to fruiting generally takes only about 40 days. The substrate is not subjected to high-temperature sterilization, so the nutrients are not destroyed, and pile fermentation can decompose most macromolecular substances into small-molecule substances easily absorbed by the mycelium. At the same time, because an appropriate amount of fungicidal agent is added to the substrate, infection by contaminating microorganisms is also markedly reduced. 4. Raw-material cultivation has low cost, good quality, and high yield. Compared with cooked substrate, raw material increases yield by 27%, while production cost is reduced by 29%. II. Raw material preparation 1. Substrate formulas. Because shiitake is a wood-rotting fungus, in order to improve yield and quality, the substrate must contain more than 30% sawdust. The four substrate formulas are introduced as follows: (1) Sawdust 38 kg, wheat bran 10 kg, sugar 1 kg, gypsum 0.5 kg, superphosphate 0.5 kg, carbendazim 35 g. (2) Cottonseed hulls 20 kg, sawdust 19 kg, wheat bran 10 kg, sugar 0.75 kg, gypsum 0.5 kg, carbendazim 35 g. (3) Corn cobs 25 kg, sawdust 15 kg, wheat bran 8.5 kg, sugar 0.75 kg, gypsum 0.5 kg, urea 0.25 kg, carbendazim 35 g. (4) Rice straw (or wheat straw) powder 19.5 kg, sawdust 19.5 kg, wheat bran 9.25 kg, sugar 0.75 kg, gypsum 0.5 kg, carbendazim 35 g. 2. Pretreatment of sawdust. Sawdust is the raw material most favored by shiitake. Because sawdust is mixed with large amounts of components from pine, cypress, fir, and other such species, and the sawdust of these tree species contains terpenoid substances that inhibit mycelial growth, necessary measures must be taken to treat it when cultivating shiitake so that the mycelium can grow normally. The specific methods are as follows: (1) Limewater soaking method: its principle is that limewater has a relatively high pH, and its alkalinity can destroy the chemical structure of terpenoid substances. Generally, sawdust is soaked in 2% limewater for 12 hours-24 hours, then removed, rinsed with clean water, and sun-dried for later use. (2) Potassium permanganate solution soaking: its principle is that potassium permanganate can oxidize terpenoid substances. Generally, sawdust is soaked in 0.2%-0.3% potassium permanganate solution for about 12 hours, then removed, rinsed with clean water, and sun-dried for later use. (3) Boiling: boil sawdust in boiling water for about 15 minutes, remove it, rinse with clean water, and air-dry for later use. (4) Sun exposure: exposing sawdust to the sun for 60 days-90 days can also cause terpenoid substances to decompose and volatilize. 3. Pile fermentation (1) Functions: a. Through fermentation, some macromolecular substances can be degraded into small-molecule substances directly utilized by the mycelium. b. During fermentation, the temperature can reach 70°C, which can kill most contaminating microorganisms. c. During fermentation, terpenoid substances that inhibit mycelial growth can be degraded. (2) Process: mix the substrate uniformly according to the formula, then add water at a ratio of 1:1.3, mix well, and build a pile. The pile width is 1.2 m-2 m, the height is 1 m-1.5 m, in a trapezoidal shape, and the length depends on the amount of material and the site. The piling period is generally about 26 days, and the pile is generally turned 4 times-5 times, with the time intervals allocated as 7 days, 6 days, 5 days, 4 days, and 4 days. If the fermentation time is short, the material cannot fully decompose; if the fermentation time is long, the nutrient loss in the substrate is too great. Other materials are added in conjunction with pile turning, and the order is as follows: gypsum is added in two portions at the 1st and 2nd turnings; urea is added in 3 portions at pile building and the 1st and 2nd turnings; lime is added at the 3rd turning. Wheat bran, sugar, and carbendazim are added after the pile fermentation is completed and before bagging. The pile color is brown or coffee-colored, not black; the smell is mellow, without stench, sourness, or mustiness; the material is soft and elastic; the volume is reduced by 40% compared with the original, and the weight is reduced by about 30%. III. Disinfection of the mushroom house. The first disinfection is carried out before the substrate enters the mushroom house, and the second disinfection is carried out after it enters the mushroom house. In this way, contaminating microorganisms and pests in the mushroom house, bed frames, and substrate can be reduced to the greatest extent. The specific method is: for every 100 cubic meters of space, use sulfur 500 g, dichlorvos 100 g, and formaldehyde 200 g, mix with sawdust, heat, and fumigate sealed for 24 hours, then open doors and windows for ventilation, and only enter to operate after the medicinal odor in the mushroom house has dissipated. IV. Cultivation management 1. Pressing blocks or bagging. (1) Mixing materials: dissolve carbendazim in a small amount of clean water, add it with wheat bran to the substrate, gradually add an appropriate amount of clean water, and stir thoroughly and evenly. The water content in the substrate is about 60%, judged by water appearing between the fingers when the material is squeezed in the hand but not dripping, and the pH is 6.5-7, then mix in 10% spawn. (2) Pressing blocks or bagging: on a cement floor, first spread a layer of plastic film soaked in 0.2% potassium permanganate solution, place a wooden frame mold 33 cm long, 33 cm wide, and 8 cm high on the film, then sprinkle a 1 cm thick layer of spawn, pour the spawn-mixed substrate into the wooden frame, press flat slightly, sprinkle another 1 cm thick layer of spawn on the surface, preferably so that the substrate is not exposed, finally scrape flat with a wooden board and press firm, release the frame mold, and it becomes a spawn block 6 cm-7 cm thick, and finally fold the film well. If using bagging, first put the spawn-mixed substrate into the bag, then insert a hole in the center with a conical stick, and finally sprinkle a 1 cm thick layer of spawn at both ends of the substrate bag, preferably so that the substrate is not exposed, then tie the opening tightly to seal it. 2. Management during the mycelial culture period. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth is 25°C. During mycelial growth, the relative air humidity is required to be 60%-65%. Before the mycelium has fully colonized, avoid lifting the film, in order to prevent contamination by foreign microorganisms and to help maintain temperature. When the mycelium has fully colonized, turn the spawn block over and continue culturing for 4 days-5 days. When about 40% of the surface mycelium has turned brown, it can be placed on the shelves to induce fruiting. 3. Management during the fruiting period. The optimum temperature for fruiting is 12°C-18°C. A large day-night temperature difference can promote the formation of shiitake fruiting bodies. The relative air humidity in the mushroom house is maintained at about 90%. The specific measures taken are: spraying water on the floor and walls, and misting in the air. The water content of the spawn blocks should reach 50%-60%. As the culture time increases, the water content of the spawn blocks gradually decreases, but water must not be sprayed directly on the fruiting bodies, otherwise the fruiting bodies rot easily. If the water content of the spawn blocks drops below 40% and they feel very light when picked up by hand, then soak the spawn blocks in a water pool for 15 hours-20 hours so that they fully absorb water, then take them out and put them back on the shelves. Generally, 4 batches-5 batches of mushrooms are harvested, until the nutrients in the substrate are completely exhausted. 4. Harvesting. When the fruiting bodies have opened to 70%-80%, harvest them promptly. When harvesting, take care to pick the large ones and leave the small ones, combine harvesting with management, prevent damage to the surrounding small mushrooms and spawn blocks, and do not leave the base of the stipe on the spawn block, so as to avoid invasion by contaminating microorganisms that affects fruiting. 5. Spraying nutrient solution. (1) Formulas. No. 1 vigor agent: B9 0.5 g, vitamin B1 40 mg, urea 100 g, water 100 kg. No. 2 vigor agent: B9 1 g, vitamin B1 100 mg, magnesium sulfate 50 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 g, water 100 kg. (2) Method of use. After harvesting two flushes and stopping water for 2 days-3 days, use No. 1 vigor agent and spray continuously 2 times-3 times, using 0.25% nutrient solution per square meter, which can make the mycelium turn white and thicken.
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Straw can be processed into silage. How is it done?
Processing fresh straw into silage that livestock relish is simple, quick and labor-saving. The specific method is: on a harvested rice field or a threshing floor, lay out an extra-large nylon film bag with a thickness of 0.15 cm; then fill the bag with fresh straw, forming it into a haystack shape; finally, tie the bag opening tightly so that no air can enter. After about 1 month, the fresh straw has finished fermenting in the sealed plastic bag and becomes a feed with good palatability, which can replace other silage to feed livestock.
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Strawflower is both a flower and a tea, good for ornamental viewing and for brewing tea
Strawflower is also known as shell flower. The flowers are hard, shaped like shells or wheat straw, and resemble chrysanthemums, hence the name. The flowers can be brewed as tea and have effects such as cooling and relieving summer heat, refreshing the mind and lowering blood pressure, with no toxic side effects, making them a fine beverage. The flower colors are gorgeous, the flowering period is long, planting is simple, management is extensive, and adaptability is strong. It can be grown in pots or in the ground, and it is very popular. 1. Plant characteristics. Asteraceae, annual herbaceous flower. Plant height 50-70 cm, leaves dark green, long elliptical, lanceolate, leaves alternate, 7 cm long and 2 cm wide. Flowers double-petaled, flowers stra
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Shiitake waste can be used to produce straw-rotting mushrooms
For more than a decade, the open-field shiitake industry in Xinbin County has developed on a relatively large scale, and the cultivation materials have shown a growth trend. For a long time, the waste material left after fruiting in open-field shiitake cultivation was always returned directly to the fields to improve the soil, and the issue of utilizing the waste material was never studied. In recent years, due to climatic reasons, the open-field shiitake cultivation model has gradually shifted to the cold-frame connected mushroom-column model, and therefore a great many spent mushroom sticks appear every year. This year alone, cold-frame shiitake was developed on 1,560 frames, and after fruiting there will be 7 million kg of spent mushroom sticks. In these waste materials there are still
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Mock Strawberry
Mock strawberry, also known as ground bayberry, belongs to the genus Duchesnea in the rose family (Rosaceae) and is a perennial low-growing herb. The whole plant is covered with white hairs, and the stems are slender, creeping, and root at every node. The leaves are alternate and palmately compound. The flowers are yellow and borne on long stalks. The fruit is bright red, with a raised central portion that is soft like a sponge. The whole plant is collected in summer and autumn and dried in the sun. A decoction of the whole plant, 15-50 g, taken as a water decoction, can treat cancer.
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