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Detailed Explanation of High-Yield Cultivation Techniques for Autumn Potatoes with Rice Straw Mulching
Potatoes have the characteristic of preferring cool conditions and fearing heat, making them perfectly suited for no-till planting in idle winter fields. This method requires no plowing or soil covering, saving labor and effort, and is simple to operate. Harvest can be achieved after 3 months, with an average yield of over 1,500 kg per 667 sq m, a 30% increase compared to traditional cultivation methods. At 0.8 yuan per kg, this yields a gross profit of 1,200 yuan. This is a quick and effective project for improving land utilization and increasing farmers' income. 1. Selecting improved varieties and soaking seeds for sprouting: Choose varieties with high quality and yield, a relatively short growth period, relatively high tolerance to high temperature and drought
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Six Improvements in No-Till Cultivation of Autumn Potatoes with Rice Straw Mulching
Autumn potatoes can be harvested in December and marketed as vegetable potatoes, giving relatively good returns. Adopting no-till cultivation of autumn potatoes with rice straw mulching not only saves labor and time, reduces labor intensity, and prevents environmental pollution caused by burning rice straw, but also yields about 1500 kg per mu, an increase of more than 10% over plowed and sown crops. Especially in recent years, in conjunction with production demonstrations, agricultural technicians have made some improvements to this technology, making it further mature. Specifically, these are the "six improvements": switch to early-maturing excellent varieties. Effective growth period of autumn potatoes
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Key Techniques for No-Till Cultivation of Autumn Potatoes with Rice Straw Mulch
Autumn potatoes can be harvested in December and marketed as table potatoes, giving good returns. Adopting no-till planting of autumn potatoes with rice straw mulch not only saves labor and time and reduces labor intensity, but also prevents environmental pollution caused by burning rice straw, and can increase yield by more than 10% compared with plowed planting. The key cultivation points are as follows. 1. Select early-maturing, excellent varieties. The effective growth period of autumn potatoes is short, generally 80-90 days. Therefore, seed potatoes should be selected from varieties with early maturity, fast tuber enlargement, and good yield and disease resistance, such as Dongnong 303, Holland 15, etc.
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How to prevent and control several common diseases of straw mushrooms?
① During the mushroom bud formation stage, control the temperature at 25-28°C. When the temperature suddenly drops below 20°C in early autumn, cover the shed with straw curtains for insulation; ② During the mycelium growth stage, the light should be dimmer to prevent strong light stimulation from causing premature mushroom bud formation; pile the straw firmly to help the mycelium connect tightly; ③ During the mycelium growth period, spray rotenone and dichlorvos around the culture material on the mushroom bed to kill pests such as millipedes and woodlice; ④ The spawn must be isolated or introduced every year and stored at a suitable temperature; ⑤ Regularly sprinkle water on the beds around the material blocks or irrigate in the bed furrows to keep the bed moist.
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What to do when pinheads grow on the spawn blocks after inoculating straw mushrooms
2-3 days after inoculating straw mushrooms, many white pinheads grow on the spawn blocks exposed above the compost, causing the spawn to age and affecting the spawn's mycelial germination, or the mycelium grows but does not colonize the compost. The cause is that the spawn is stimulated by strong light, causing some hyphae to knot prematurely and form pinheads. Control method: when inoculating, do not leave the spawn exposed; it should be sown 2-3 cm deep into the compost, and a straw mulch should be used to shade and keep warm, preventing stimulation by strong light.
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What to Do About Excessive Vegetative Growth of Straw Mushroom Mycelium? Detailed Control Methods
During the mycelial growth stage of straw mushroom, a large amount of white fluffy aerial mycelium forms on the surface of the substrate, sometimes even growing into a white layer of mycelial mat, which delays fruiting and leads to low yields; the cause is excessively high temperature inside the compost heap. Control methods: after inoculating straw mushroom, regularly uncover the plastic film to ventilate and lower both temperature and humidity, and do not cover with too thick a layer of straw, so as to encourage the mycelium to grow into the substrate.
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What to Do When Straw Mushroom Mycelium Shrinks? Causes and Control Methods
1. Using inferior spawn: Spawn that is too old or too young, degenerated spawn, weak mycelial vitality, poor stress resistance, or spawn stored for a long time in environments with temperatures that are too low or too high can all lead to failure to germinate after spawning and shrinkage of mycelium in the spawn blocks. Control: Select spawn of the appropriate age and high quality, and ensure the temperature during the cultivation process does not get too low. 2. Improper control of compost temperature: When the air temperature is high, the compost is too thick, and the mushroom house has good insulation, the temperature inside the compost after spawning exceeds 42°C for an extended period, which causes mycelium to shrink and die, resulting in burning of the mycelium.
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How can you tell good straw mushroom spawn from bad? You need to know these few methods
Before cultivating straw mushrooms, the quality of the spawn must be assessed, and high-quality spawn should be selected whenever possible. The appearance of high-quality spawn is: thick and sturdy hyphae, uniform development of the upper and lower hyphae, and aerial hyphae that are white or semi-transparent. The specific identification methods are: 1. For spawn used for cultivation, the spawn age is around 30 days, the hyphae are thick, sturdy and dense white, there are light brown chlamydospores on the hyphae, and after removing the cotton plug, the aroma of straw mushrooms can be smelled. This kind of spawn is high-quality spawn; after sowing, it colonises the substrate quickly and grows vigorously. If there are very few chlamydospores, it means the hyphae are still young and tender, and it can be left to continue growing
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What are the quality requirements for straw mushroom spawn production?
Whether the straw mushroom spawn is isolated by yourself or introduced from elsewhere, it must undergo a fruiting test, and only after confirming it is a high-yielding, high-quality strain may it be expanded for culturing, so as to avoid economic losses. Quality requirements for qualified spawn (for reference): (1) The mycelium is pale yellow and transparent, with many or no chlamydospores (varying depending on the variety), the mycelium is evenly distributed throughout the bottle, and the moisture content of the substrate is suitable (about 65%). (2) The spawn age is appropriate, fresh, robust, and strong in growth vigor. (3) Free of contaminating microorganisms and pests. Any of the following conditions
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Detailed Explanation of the Key Points of the Two-Stage Cultivation Technique for Straw Mushrooms
Straw mushroom, also known as orchid mushroom or bud-foot mushroom. It is rich in nutrients and delicious. In the hot summer, making soup with a few straw mushrooms gives a unique and distinctive flavor, with an endless aftertaste after eating, and it is deeply welcomed by consumers. The growing season for straw mushrooms is from June to September. It is a variety that grows quickly, has a short production period, and brings quick returns, producing mushrooms 8-10 days from spawning. Using the new two-stage cultivation technique, every 100 kg of raw material can produce 50 kg of fresh mushrooms in 40 days, with an output value of 300-400 yuan. The two-stage cultivation technique for straw mushrooms is based on the author's many years of production practice
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