Detailed Explanation of the Key Points of Soilless Cultivation Techniques for Yellow Garlic
Select some early- and mid-maturing, high-yield, high-quality improved garlic varieties. Generally, white-skinned garlic and red-skinned garlic with about 10 cloves per bulb can both be used as seed garlic. Then soak them in a gibberellin solution for three to four hours, take them out and arrange them neatly in a seedling box, and finally cover them with a layer of straw curtain. Keep the indoor temperature at 25-27 degrees, and water two to three times a day, and yellow garlic will grow. During the cultivation period, ventilate frequently, and after the seedlings emerge, control the temperature at 18-22 degrees.
Yellow Garlic Cultivation and Management Techniques:
1. Prevent lodging
Spread a large-mesh net flat inside the bed at 30-35 cm from the bottom of the bed, and fix it well around the bed to ensure that the yellow garlic grows upright. At the same time, heat preservation for yellow garlic is very important. Place 4-6 bamboo poles at equal distances below the steel wires above the bed, lay black plastic film flat on the steel wires, and fix it firmly around. Lay a layer of straw mat on the plastic film to provide heat preservation and shade. To ensure the straw mat is not soaked by rain or snow, lay another layer of plastic film above the straw mat, fix it around, and press it down with heavy objects on top to prevent it from being blown off by the wind. In this way, the temperature inside the yellow garlic bed is guaranteed, laying the foundation for the normal growth of yellow garlic.
2. Water at the right time
Watering should follow the principle of a small amount of water in the early stage and a larger amount in the later stage. The reason is that in the early stage the garlic roots grow slowly, and if watering is too heavy, the garlic bulbs will float up, and some will crowd together, causing garlic rot due to lack of oxygen. In the middle and late stages, the garlic roots grow densely and interconnect like felt. At this time, yellow garlic grows more, requiring more water and heat, so the number of waterings should be slightly more than in the early stage, and the amount of water should be slightly larger. Generally, in the first 10 days, water 1-2 times a day, and for every 20 sq m of cultivation bed, each watering should not exceed 5 minutes, with the water volume not exceeding 0.5 cubic meters. After 10 days, each watering can reach 7-8 minutes, with a water volume of about 0.7 cubic meters, and watering can reach 2-3 times a day. According to the market conditions for yellow garlic, the time to market can be artificially controlled through the number of waterings. To bring it to market earlier, water 1-2 more times a day in the middle and late stages of yellow garlic growth; to delay it to market, water 1 fewer time a day.
3. Regulate temperature and humidity
To promote early sprouting of garlic buds, the temperature should be raised at the initial stage of planting garlic, with the average daily temperature controlled at 25-27°C. After sprouting, as the yellow garlic grows, the room temperature should gradually be lowered to 18-22°C. Lower the temperature 5-6 days before harvest, to 18-20°C during the day and 13-15°C at night. If the temperature is too high, yellow garlic grows quickly, and the plants become slender and weak and prone to lodging, thereby reducing yield and quality. Temperature regulation is mainly achieved by ventilation and by uncovering and covering the straw mat. After planting garlic, maintain indoor air humidity at 85-90%. In the middle and late stages of growth, the garlic leaves grow densely, so humidity should be reduced to prevent the clumps from rotting. Before harvest, to reduce dehydration and wilting of the product, indoor humidity should be maintained at 75-80%.
4. Harvest at the right time
Generally, after 20-25 days, when the yellow garlic has grown to 35-45 cm, it can be harvested. When harvesting, cut with a sickle close above the garlic cloves. After harvesting, use a small iron rake to remove excess garlic cloves from the roots of the yellow garlic, and tie them with plastic strips, so that the bottom is neat and the upper part is upright and golden yellow. The bundled yellow garlic can be rinsed with clean water to lower the temperature, because yellow garlic grows at a relatively high temperature, and if it is placed outdoors directly after harvest, it is prone to rot. After rinsing, the yellow garlic should also be covered well with plastic film to avoid strong light. After harvesting, the cultivation bed should be given one thorough watering, and every 7 days spray once with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2-0.3% urea solution, which can increase yield. After an interval of 15-20 days, it can be harvested again. Generally, after 2 harvests of cultivated yellow garlic, the residual garlic bulbs in the bed can be cleared out, and after disinfection, the second sowing can be carried out.
The above is the relevant introduction to soilless cultivation techniques for yellow garlic. I hope it is helpful to everyone.