Practical experience sharing on growing plums in greenhouses

In order to explore the early fruiting and early high-yield techniques of cultivating plums in greenhouses, our station conducted experimental research from 1997 to 2000. The greenhouse was covered in the winter of the second year after planting, and in 2000 a 4-fen plot greenhouse produced 1000 kg of plums. The output value was more than 10,000 yuan, and the maturity period was about 60 days earlier than open-field cultivation. Through the experiment we summarized the key management technical points for cultivating plums in greenhouses. A brief introduction follows. For reference.

1. Heating method after covering the greenhouse.

After covering the greenhouse, raise the temperature gradually, in three steps.

Step one, during the day “separate two and pull one”, that is, pull up 1/3 of the straw curtains, and maintain this for about 1 week.

Step two, during the day “separate one and pull two”, that is, pull up 2/3 of the straw curtains, lasting 1 week.

Step three, during the day pull up all the straw curtains; if the temperature is too high, ventilate to cool it down.

2. Irrigate thoroughly 20-30 days before mulching, and cover the tree base with plastic film to increase ground temperature, reduce water evaporation, and lower humidity inside the greenhouse.

3. In early June and early July, spray 800×10-6 and 1000×10-6 concentrations of paclobutrazol once each, which can effectively control the canopy, inhibit growth, and promote flower formation.

4. Greenhouse cultivation lacks pollination vectors, such as bees and wind. In addition to arranging pollinizer trees, releasing bees during the flowering period also gives better results. In addition, artificial pollination can also be used; spray 0.3% monopotassium phosphate during the young fruit stage. All the above measures can significantly increase the fruit-setting rate.

5. For 2-3-year-old plum trees, carry out girdling 1 month after flowering to inhibit the growth of young vigorous trees, increase the proportion of short branches, promote flower formation, and also advance the fruit maturity period. The girdling width should be slightly less than 1/10 of the trunk circumference. If the girdling is too wide, the tree vigor will be weakened too much; if too narrow, the goal will not be achieved.

6. Pest and disease control. The main diseases of greenhouse plums are shot hole disease and scab, and 1000-fold Peach Boya can be sprayed twice along with foliar fertilizer; the main insect pests are scale insects and aphids, and 1000-fold Supusha can be sprayed 1-2 times after sprouting.