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How can large-scale rabbit farms prevent disease? These new viewpoints are worth reading
Play down treatment, optimize the rabbit herd. Traditional rabbit farming emphasizes treatment over prevention, often turning the rabbit farm into a sanatorium for sick rabbits. To change this situation, some experts have proposed the "five no-treatment" rule for sick rabbits: do not treat rabbits that cannot be cured, do not treat rabbits whose treatment cost is high, do not treat rabbits whose treatment is time-consuming and labor-intensive, do not treat rabbits whose economic value after recovery is not high, and do not treat rabbits that are highly contagious and highly harmful. Practice has proved that after rabbit farms implemented this system, the health status of the rabbit herd improved markedly, virulent infectious diseases were effectively controlled
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Review of Fox Disease Prevalence in 2001
In 2001, the overall situation of fox reproduction and kit survival across the country was not ideal, making it a year with more problems since fox farming began in China. Below is an analysis of the causes of disease and death problems in fox farming, along with effective preventive measures, in order to promote the healthy development of the fox farming industry, reduce production losses, and achieve higher economic benefits. 1 Purulent endometritis caused by artificial insemination 1.1 Main infectious pathogens Through extensive epidemiological investigation and pathogen isolation and identification, the main infectious pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
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Basic Overview of Protein in Pig Nutrition
(1) Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are the most widely available and the largest proportion of nutrients in the diet, and are the main energy source for pigs. In cereal grain feeds, there is very little soluble grass sugar and disaccharide, mainly starch, so it is the main energy source for pigs. Starch is broken down by amylase in the digestive tract into glucose, which is then absorbed into the blood as blood sugar. It provides energy through biological oxidation in the body. The digestibility of soluble sugar and starch by livestock is 95%-100%. For piglets before 2-3 weeks of age, due to insufficient pancreatic amylase and intestinal disaccharidase secreted in the digestive tract, piglets fed large amounts of starch feed grow poorly. Before 7 days of age, piglets fed glucose and lactose can utilize them effectively. After 7-10 days of age, they can utilize fructose and sucrose, but young pigs after feeding generally suffer from severe diarrhea, weight loss and high mortality. Crude fiber, after treatment with a certain concentration of acid and alkali, the remaining residue is called crude fiber. This determination method is incorrect. Generally, crude fiber in feed contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and their composition ratio is unstable. In typical feed crude fiber, the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are 50%-80%, 20% and 10%-50% respectively. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides. Cellulose is a glucose polymer, and hemicellulose is composed of hybrid sugars (glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, uronic acid). Lignin is a group of complex and difficult-to-digest substances - incomplete polymers of phenylpropane derivatives. These substances are the main structural components of plant cell walls. In the Van Soest analysis method, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) estimates the total plant cell wall components mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) includes cellulose and lignin. The difference between NDF and ADF is the hemicellulose in the feed. The pig small intestine has no enzymes to digest crude fiber and cannot digest cellulose, hemicellulose and hemicellulose, but crude fiber enters the large intestine and undergoes microbial fermentation. The main end product of its digestion is volatile fatty acids, which supply about 5%-28% of the maintenance energy requirement. The digestibility of crude fiber is generally 30%-39%. Its digestibility is affected by fiber source, degree of lignification, content in the diet and degree of processing, so it varies greatly. The utilization of fiber is affected by the physical and chemical composition of the diet, the nutritional level of the diet, and the age of the animal. The digestibility of crude fiber varies from 0 to 97%. There is still no conclusion on the fiber level in diets for growing-finishing pigs. It is generally believed that for growing pigs around 20 kg body weight, the dietary crude fiber level is 6%. Some also believe that the level of neutral detergent fiber with low lignin should be less than or equal to 15%. Some experts believe that the crude fiber level in sow diets is 10%-12%. If the crude fiber level in the diet is too high, it reduces the digestibility of feed organic matter and energy. Increasing crude fiber in the diet by 1% reduces total energy digestibility by about 3.5%. It has also been reported to affect protein digestibility. In diets in the late finishing period, a higher level of crude fiber can be used to limit feed intake, reduce body fat deposition, and improve carcass quality. For every 1 percentage point increase in crude fiber content in the diet, backfat thickness is reduced by about 0.5 mm.
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What kind of fish is the pond smelt? Characteristics and habits overview
(Osmeridae) Hypomesus oidous [local name] cucumber fish. [Morphological characteristics] Small fish, generally 6-8 cm in body length. Body elongate and laterally compressed. Head length greater than body depth. Snout terminal, mouth cleft relatively large, upper and lower jaws with villiform teeth, maxilla extending to below the eye. Eye present, eye diameter equal to snout length. Dorsal fin tall, its height greater than body depth, opposite the pelvic fins. Adipose fin present. Pectoral fins small. Caudal peduncle very slender, caudal fin deeply forked. Back light grass green, sides of body silvery white, scale edges with small dark spots. Fins grayish black
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"Early Piglet Weaning and Synchronized Farrowing" project passes acceptance review
Recently, the Shanghai Municipal Office of Science and Technology for Agricultural Development organized relevant experts at the Shanghai Xiangxin Pig Culture Exhibition Hall to conduct an acceptance review of the municipal "Four New" technology extension project "Early Piglet Weaning and Synchronized Farrowing." This project is both a "Four New" agricultural science and technology project and a supporting technology for the main promoted technology of the pig science and technology household program, "Sow Reproduction." It was launched in 2005 by Shanghai Xiangxin Livestock and Poultry Co., Ltd., with collaborative completion by the Nanhui District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, and the project lasted two years. The expert acceptance panel
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Overview of Research Progress and Current Utilization of Propolis
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from tree buds, bark and other parts of plants, mixed with secretions from the bees' hypopharyngeal glands, wax glands and other glands, and processed and transformed by the bees. Propolis is an opaque solid, brown, reddish-brown or grayish-brown in color, sometimes with a greenish tinge, and in a few cases nearly black. Natural fresh propolis has a resinous fragrance and is sticky and malleable. It begins to soften at 36°C, becomes hard and brittle and can be pulverized at 15°C, and melts into a viscous liquid at 60-70°C. Propolis is a resinous substance, highly soluble in ether, chloroform, acetone,
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New red-leaf peach series cultivars, good for both ornamental viewing and eating
Ma Yuxi, a senior engineer at the Zhonghua Winter-Ripening Fruit Tree Research Center in Xun County, Henan Province (telephone: 0392-5811384), after 10 years of arduous exploration, finally bred 12 new red-leaf peach series cultivars with different colors and flower types, which both delight the eye and let people enjoy delicious fruit. After spring returns to the earth, this peach can first be enjoyed for its peach blossoms, then for its red peach leaves, third for the red fruit hanging all over the branches, and finally people can also eat sweet, large fresh peaches. For the red-leaf peach series cultivars, the flower buds begin to swell and the leaf buds begin to sprout in early March, and flowering begins in early April
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New almond cultivar 'Charm' is suitable for early spring flower viewing
The ornamental almond 'Charm' is an ornamental cultivar with bright flower colors and multiple petals, discovered and selected from seedlings of Uzbek almond. It belongs to the genus Prunus in the subfamily Prunoideae of the Rosaceae family. 'Charm' has white or pink flowers, emerald green leaves, and a graceful tree form, with an ornamental effect similar to that of peach and ornamental peach. However, in landscaping practice, peach and ornamental peach are seriously affected by aphids, scale insects, and sooty mold, which greatly reduces their ornamental effect; 'Charm' precisely has characteristics such as resistance to scale insects, resistance to aphids, resistance to sooty mold, and tolerance to poor soil, so it can replace peach and ornamental peach in relatively weak environments such as forest parks,
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A Detailed Guide to Ancient Tea-Making Methods: An Overview of Traditional Tea Production Techniques
Picking: The time for picking tea must be on clear days during the second, third, and fourth months, and the best target for picking is the tea buds that have just sprouted and are especially upright, growing on weathered limestone. Steaming: Place the freshly picked leaves into a steamer basket, then place the steamer basket into a pot, add water to the pot and cook it on the stove; inside the steamer basket there is a layer made of bamboo skin, and after steaming, take out the layer. Pounding: Pour the steamed tea leaves while hot into a mortar and pound them into pieces; place the pounded tea paste into an iron tea mold. There are many shapes of tea molds, and tea
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Wintersweet is an excellent tree species for winter flower viewing
Ecological habits Wintersweet is also known as huangmei and huangmeihua. It belongs to the genus Chimonanthus in the family Calycanthaceae. It is a deciduous shrub, about 3 m tall, with simple opposite leaves. The leaf blades are elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, 7-15 cm long, entire, with a rough surface; the flowers are bisexual, solitary in the leaf axils of one-year-old branches, with very short pedicels, yellow, waxy, and fragrant, blooming from December to March. Cultivated varieties include Qingkou wintersweet; Chaiyouxin wintersweet; and Gousheng wintersweet. Wintersweet originated in central China. It prefers sunlight but is also slightly shade-tolerant, relatively cold-tolerant, and drought-tolerant, hence the saying "wintersweet that cannot die of drought"
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