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Key Technical Points and Detailed Methods for Mushroom Spawn Production
3. There are 3 methods for isolating mother spawn: spore discharge, tissue isolation, and substrate mycelium isolation. Here we mainly introduce the tissue isolation method. Tissue isolation method: cutting a small piece of tissue from each mushroom and transferring it onto a slant medium to culture into mother spawn. The fruiting body of an edible mushroom is actually a knot of dikaryotic hyphae, which has a very strong regenerative capacity. Therefore, as long as a small piece of tissue is cut and inoculated onto a suitable medium and cultured at an appropriate temperature, pure mycelium can be obtained. In tissue isolation, the selected mushroom is brought into a sterile room, and on an ultra-clean workbench, the cap and stipe are wiped with 75
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Key Technical Points for Transplanting and Seedling Survival of Schisandra chinensis
In recent years, the demand for Schisandra chinensis has increased and prices have climbed. Many farmers have tried artificial cultivation, but the survival rate has been less than ideal, which has not only affected farmers' enthusiasm for production but also wasted a considerable amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources. A set of transplanting and seedling survival techniques is now introduced for farmers to reference and experiment with. First is land preparation: choose a fertile, partially shaded plot that does not accumulate water. Change traditional pit planting to trench planting. Because the roots of Schisandra chinensis have poor penetrating ability and absorb water and nutrients through adventitious roots, it is necessary to activate the soil layer and imitate its native
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Cotton "Double Rot" Disease
Rotten bolls and rotten peaches are common, frequently occurring diseases of cotton that seriously affect cotton yield and quality. People customarily call these two diseases "double rot disease." (1) Causes 1. Excessive or too-late application of nitrogen fertilizer causes excessive cotton growth and a closed, shaded field, which weakens the disease resistance of cotton plants. 2. During the flowering and boll stage, cotton encounters heavy rainstorms or excessive autumn rain, field humidity is too high, and drainage is poor, causing pathogens to breed and invade. 3. Cotton is attacked by red rot, anthracnose, boll blight, and other diseases. (2
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Technical Problems and Solutions for the "Two No" Cotton Cultivation Technique
The "Two No" cotton cultivation technique refers to cotton seedling raising in soilless substrate and transplanting of bare-root seedlings without carrier. From 2004 to 2005, after demonstrations at more than 80 county sites across the country, some technical problems were found, and the following solutions are proposed: 1. Excessive seedbed density Main causes: First, rows were not marked out at 10 cm row spacing and 3 cm plant spacing; second, the sowing rate was too high with too many seeds; third, after emergence, seedlings were not thinned in time, resulting in leggy or spindly seedlings. Solutions: First, mark out rows at 10 cm row spacing and 3 cm plant spacing; second, sow according to plant spacing,
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Key Technical Points for Film-Mulched Transplanting of Cotton after Wheat and Rapeseed
For transplanted cotton following wheat and rapeseed, the transplanting period is late and the growth period is somewhat delayed. Adopting film-mulched transplanting can raise temperature and conserve moisture, prevent waterlogging and drain excess water, and is an effective measure for achieving early vigorous growth, preventing stunted seedlings, and obtaining high yields. Land preparation and film mulching: After harvesting wheat and rapeseed, promptly plow and prepare the land, open furrows and form ridges, spray a soil-closing treatment agent on the ridge surface, and then apply film mulch. Combined with land preparation, apply 2000-4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer, and 1-2 kg of Chilibor (boron fertilizer) per mu. Transplant without delay: the transplanting period for rapeseed stubble must not
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Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Spring Sowing of Cotton
Determine the density according to variety, soil fertility and planting method, and plant at a reasonable density to achieve full emergence from a single sowing. Generally, for single-cropping spring cotton varieties, the density should be kept at about 3,500 plants per mu, with a row spacing of 1 m and a plant spacing of 19 cm; for semi-spring varieties, the density should generally be kept at about 4,500 plants per mu, with row spacing and plant spacing of 15 cm; for summer cotton varieties, on plots with good fertilizer and water conditions, the density should be kept at about 6,500 plants per mu; on plots with average soil fertility, it should be kept at about 7,500 plants per mu; and on dry, barren, low-yield plots, it should be kept at about 8,000-10,000 plants per mu.
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Key Technical Points for Feeding and Management of Growing-Finishing Pigs
1. For fattening purchased piglets, select healthy piglets of good quality from disease-free areas. After the piglets are brought back, isolate and raise them first. Within 5-7 days, they must not consume excessive feed. After the pigs fully adapt to the environment, switch to normal feeding, and carry out vaccination and parasite deworming work. Those not castrated should be castrated; 2. The growing-finishing barn must be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected and dried before nursery pigs can be moved in; 3. When transferring nursery pigs, group them reasonably. As far as possible, move the original litter or original group into one pen to avoid regrouping
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Rearing Methods and Technical Key Points for Ground Beetles (Eupolyphaga)
(1) Rearing equipment can be designed according to the scale and purpose of rearing. Here we only introduce the rearing equipment used to provide a source of medicinal insects. ① Insect sieves: their purpose is to separate nymphs of different instars, adults and oothecae by sieving within a certain period, and then rear them separately and isolate the medicinal insect bodies. The sieve apertures are divided into 5 specifications: 2-mesh sieve: used when separating out adults. 4-mesh sieve: used when separating out 7th-8th instar nymphs. 6-mesh sieve: used when separating out oothecae and insect feces. 12-mesh sieve: used when separating out 1st-2nd instar nymphs. 17-mesh sieve
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Soft-shelled Turtle Diseases
Soft-shelled turtles have strong adaptability and resistance, and diseases rarely occur in farming production; however, improper feeding and management can also lead to disease. Common soft-shelled turtle diseases include: Red Neck Disease, caused by Aeromonas bacteria. The main symptoms are loss of appetite, sluggish movement, red and swollen congested neck that extends and cannot retract, red spots appearing on the abdomen, sometimes floating on the water surface, sometimes crouching on sandy ground. In severe cases, bleeding from the mouth and nose, intestinal inflammation and putrefaction, generalized redness and swelling, cloudy white eyes with blindness, enlarged liver and spleen, and
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Detailed Explanation of Fish Roe Processing Methods and Technical Key Points
Before making caviar, fish eggs can be processed into fish roe products. The process is basically the same as that for caviar, except that after the fish eggs are prepared, the roe is not removed but directly subjected to post-processing (post-processing is intended to produce different products such as salted and smoked products). Most fish roe products in the world are preserved by drying or salting. Generally, smoked products must undergo fermentation. That is, after the salted and sun-dried fish eggs are smoked, the separated roe is placed in a barrel, sealed, and stored in a cool environment (13-
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