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Soil preparation methods and key technical points for Codonopsis pilosula cultivation
Both spring plowing and autumn plowing are acceptable, but autumn plowing is preferable. Before plowing, spread 30,000-50,000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or compost per hectare, then plow to a depth of 25-30 cm, harrow fine and level. Codonopsis pilosula (poor man's ginseng) is suited to bed cultivation, with a bed width of 120 cm; on high, dry terrain flat beds can be made, while on lower terrain raised beds of 10-15 cm can be made. In some places ridge cultivation is practiced; to increase the number of plants per unit area, make small ridges of 50 cm, or make wide ridges of 60 cm with double-row planting.
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Methods for Controlling Underground Pests of Codonopsis pilosula and Key Technical Points
The main underground pests harming Codonopsis pilosula are white grubs, cutworms and mole crickets; the above-ground pest is spider mites. Control methods for underground pests: use poisoned soil and poisoned bait to lure and kill them. Poisoned soil preparation: use 0.5-1.5 kg of 35% endosulfan per mu, 15 kg of soil, mix and scatter among the seedling roots; poisoned bait preparation: use 1 kg of roasted cake meal per mu, add 35 g of trichlorfon, mix well with water, scatter on the bed surface and beside the beds, in the furrows or on the ridges. Control methods for above-ground pests: the above-ground pest of Codonopsis pilosula is spider mites, generally
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Methods for Weed Control in Codonopsis pilosula and Key Technical Points
For fields where annual grass weeds such as barnyardgrass, crabgrass, foxtail, and giant foxtail are the main weeds, use herbicides such as napropamide (sethoxydim), quizalofop-p-ethyl, and fluazifop-p-butyl. ①2% sethoxydim emulsifiable concentrate at 75-100 g per 667 sq m. ②5% quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate at 75-100 g. ③15% fluazifop-p-butyl emulsifiable concentrate at 75-100 g. Dilute the application rate in 15-20 kg of clean water and spray the stems and leaves of the weeds. Choose a sunny, windless day between 9-11 a.m. or after 4 p.m.
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Key Technical Points for Harvesting and Processing Codonopsis pilosula
(1) Harvesting: Direct-sown Codonopsis pilosula needs 3 years before it can be harvested, while transplanted seedlings are best harvested in the second year after transplanting. In autumn, after the above-ground stems and leaves turn yellow and wither, choose a sunny day and dig carefully and deeply, turning out the whole root, avoiding cuts and breakage so that the sap does not flow out and form black scars, which would reduce quality. (2) Processing: Wash the harvested Codonopsis pilosula, grade it, and process each grade separately. First spread it on a drying mat in the sun for 2-3 days; when the roots become soft from drying, tie each grade of Codonopsis pilosula into small bundles, hold the root head with one hand, and with the other hand rub downward along the root several times. The next day, sun-dry again, and in the evening gather them into ox-horn bundles, each weighing 1
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Control Methods and Key Technical Points for Codonopsis Diseases
I. Rust mainly damages the stems and leaves of Codonopsis. Control methods: clean the field, eliminate field weeds and diseased plants. In the early stage of the disease, spray 25% triadimefon wettable powder at 1000-1500 times dilution, or 90% dithianon sodium at 400 times dilution for control. Spray once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive sprays. II. Root rot mainly damages the roots of Codonopsis. Control methods: from July to August, apply additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Before transplanting Codonopsis, soak the roots in 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1000 times dilution for 5 minutes. When the disease occurs
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Cultivation Methods and Key Technical Points for Codonopsis tangshen
Codonopsis is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Campanulaceae family. Its main chemical constituents are saponins, alkaloids, polysaccharides and volatile oils. Its root is used medicinally; it can tonify the middle and augment qi, strengthen the spleen and benefit the lungs; it treats weakness of the spleen and lungs, shortness of breath and palpitations, asthmatic cough due to deficiency, and internal heat with wasting and thirsting, among other conditions. Codonopsis is a valuable Chinese medicinal material with relatively high medical value. It is not only used in large quantities as a raw material for prescriptions and patent medicines, but is also widely used in the health beverage and green food industries, and market demand is relatively large. There are many types of Codonopsis, including Lu Codonopsis, Chuan Codonopsis, Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta, Dong Codonopsis, Codonopsis tubulosa and Chai Codonopsis. Commercial Codonopsis
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Clever Seed Treatment Methods and Key Technical Points for Pinellia ternata
Treating the seeds of medicinal herbs before sowing plays a major role in preventing and controlling pests and diseases, raising the germination rate, and ensuring uniform, complete and vigorous seedlings. It is the primary prerequisite for stable and high yields, generally increasing the yield by 5%-20%. The methods for treating Pinellia ternata seeds are described below: (1) before sowing, soak the seeds in a 3-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim plus 40% phosethyl-Al (yield increase is significant); (2) soak the seeds separately in a 300-fold dilution of rice vinegar, 50 mg/L potassium permanganate, and 5% plant ash solution (prevents root rot).
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Key Technical Points and Detailed Cultivation Methods for Pioppino Mushroom
The pioppino mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita) is delicious in flavor with a crisp, tender texture, and is rich in protein and amino acids, making it one of the most popular edible mushrooms in Europe and Southeast Asia. Requirements for the cultivation environment 1. Nutrition The pioppino mushroom is a wood-rotting fungus, and the nutrients required for its growth and development are mainly carbon sources and nitrogen sources. Suitable carbon sources include sawdust and cottonseed hulls, while suitable nitrogen sources mainly include corn flour, soybean cake powder, wheat bran and rice bran. Mycelium grown on PDA medium, or wheat grain spawn, or liquid spawn inoculated onto sawdust, sawdust plus cottonseed hulls, or pure cottonseed hulls
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Management Methods and Technical Key Points for the Color-Changing Stage of Shiitake Mushrooms
When the shiitake mushroom mycelium grows and develops into the physiological maturity stage, the white mycelium on the surface gradually turns into a brown layer of mycelial film under certain conditions, which is called mycelial color change. The depth of the color change and the thickness of the mycelial film directly affect the occurrence and development of shiitake mushroom primordia, and have a great relationship with the yield and quality of shiitake mushrooms. It is the most important link in the management of shiitake mushroom fruiting. There are many methods for color change, and the commonly used one is the bag-removal color-change method. It is necessary to accurately grasp the timing of bag removal, that is, remove the bag when the mycelium reaches physiological maturity. If the bag is removed too early, it is not easy to change color; if too late, the mycelium ages, often produces yellow water, and is prone to
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Key Technical Points for Over-summering Management of Semi-cooked Substrate Cultivation of Nameko Mushrooms
In the Dandong area, from mid-June each year, the weather shifts from dry and muggy to the continuous rain season, with persistent drizzle and no adequate sunlight for more than 10 days, high temperatures and high humidity, resembling "sauna" weather. From mid-July until the opening of the beds, there is again scorching sun, and the spawn bags in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment are highly prone to spawn degeneration or invasion by pests and diseases, causing the spawn beds (bags) to become soft and rotten after opening or after the first watering, resulting in varying degrees of economic loss for mushroom growers. Based on our cultivation practice in recent years, we have mastered a set of over-summering management methods. The key management points are introduced as follows:1
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