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Comparative Trial of Six Strains in Substitute-Material Cultivation of Lentinula edodes Using Liquid Spawn
In recent years, China's shiitake (Lentinula edodes) production has developed rapidly, with substitute-material cultivation of shiitake being particularly prominent. The traditional solid spawn production technology for shiitake requires a rather cumbersome three-stage process of mother culture, stock culture and cultivation spawn before it can finally be expanded to the production of cultivation bags. Its high labor intensity, cumbersome process, high rate of contaminant mold infection and long growth cycle all greatly restrict the development of shiitake. In this experiment, liquid spawn of 6 shiitake strains was cultured and compared in cultivation, so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for the promotion and application of liquid spawn for shiitake. 1 Materials and Methods 1
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Key Technical Points for Field Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms on Substitute Substrates
With the advancement of science and technology and the development of the market economy, shiitake mushroom cultivation is also continuously improving and innovating. Not long ago, the editor received phone calls from farmers such as Li Xiliang of Baigenli Village, Kele Town, Nenjiang County, asking about the techniques for field cultivation of shiitake mushrooms. We have specially selected and compiled the manuscript "Cultivation Techniques for Field Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms on Substitute Substrates," hoping it will be of help to you. 1. Preparation of the cultivation substrate There are many formulas for the culture medium used in field cultivation of shiitake mushrooms on substitute substrates. Two are introduced here: one is 80% hardwood sawdust, 10% wheat bran, 7% rice chaff, 1% gypsum powder, 2% soybean cake powder, and 0.1-0.2% 50% wettable
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Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Outdoor Substitute Substrate Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms
Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is one of the important edible fungi, originally wild, and was first artificially cultivated in China over 800 years ago. Substitute substrate cultivation uses artificial mushroom logs made from sawdust, mulberry branch powder, cottonseed hulls, etc., to replace natural logs for cultivating shiitake mushrooms. This method has wide resource availability, high yield, a short production cycle and high economic returns, making it very suitable for farmers to cultivate. 1. Strain selection. There are many types of shiitake varieties, and the commonly used ones are of the medium-low temperature type. The optimal environmental conditions for the mycelial growth of this type of shiitake are an air temperature of 24-27°C, a substrate moisture content of about 60%, and no light or weak light. The optimal environmental conditions during the fruiting stage
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Detailed Explanation of Key Points of Mixing Substrate for Substitute Material Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms
Weigh according to the proportion requirements of various raw and auxiliary materials and water in the formula. Specific operation method: spread the weighed raw materials such as sawdust and cottonseed hulls flat on the cement floor, pile them into a small hill shape, then evenly sprinkle bran, gypsum powder, etc. on top, mix repeatedly and evenly with a hoe or shovel, and make a pile with a concave middle. Add the pre-dissolved white sugar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. to an appropriate amount of clean water, mix well, and splash it onto the material. Mix several times with a shovel and broom so that various raw materials and water are stirred evenly, then bag and make sticks. When making mushroom sticks, according to the raw materials
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Harvesting, Processing and Storage Methods for Shiitake Mushrooms Cultivated on Substitute Substrate
(1) Harvesting time The time required from the appearance of mushroom buds to harvest varies with temperature and humidity; generally it takes 7-10 days from budding to maturity. Timely harvesting is an important part of shiitake cultivation, as harvesting too late or too early will affect both yield and quality. The harvesting stage should also be determined according to whether the mushrooms are sold fresh or dried. Generally, for dried mushroom sales and fresh mushrooms for the domestic market, it is best to harvest when the fruiting bodies are 60-80% mature, that is, when the veil has already broken and the cap still curls inward slightly; at this stage the quality is good and the value is high. When fresh mushrooms are for export
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Key Technical Points for Winter Management of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Cultivation on Substitute Substrate
After the onset of winter, temperatures drop and relative air humidity is low, so management should center on raising the bed temperature, controlling ventilation, and keeping warm and protecting against cold. Corresponding management measures should be taken for different strains. For medium- and high-temperature-type strains, there is almost no hope of further fruiting below 10°C; at this time, water should be sprayed in the afternoon each day along with brief ventilation, just keeping the logs moist so they can overwinter smoothly. For medium-temperature-type or slightly lower-medium-temperature-type strains, there is still hope of fruiting in provinces where winter is not pronounced. Based on weather forecasts, cold waves can be avoided, and the brief periods when temperatures rise can be used
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Detailed Explanation of Points to Note When Mixing Substrate for Substitute-Material Cultivation of Shiitake Mushrooms
Substitute-material cultivation of shiitake mushrooms is another cultivation method following log or round-wood cultivation. Its cultivation forms are diverse, mainly designed according to differences in cultivation conditions, cultivation materials and cultivation containers. It has developed rapidly in recent years and now accounts for more than 95% of the cultivation area. In its medium, materials rich in cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose, such as wood chips, crop straw and wild grasses, are used as the main components of the cultivation material, appropriately supplemented with auxiliary materials such as wheat bran and rice bran rich in organic matter and vitamins, as well as gypsum, calcium carbonate and similar substances containing inorganic salts. The water content is adjusted to around 60%, and after sterilization it is inoculated and cultivated.
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Detailed Explanation of the Open-Field Cultivation Technique for Shiitake Mushrooms Using Substitute Materials
Recently, Gutian County in Fujian Province hosted the National Edible Fungi Technology Market. More than 700 people from research, production and management units as well as specialized household growers from 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions gathered in Gutian. After visiting the county's field-cultivated shiitake mushrooms, everyone praised them without exception. Gutian County uses a new technique for open-field cultivation of shiitake mushrooms with substitute materials, and mushrooms emerge 70-80 days after inoculation. On average, every 100 kg of sawdust or cottonseed hulls can produce 8-12 kg of dried shiitake mushrooms, which is more than 10 times the per-unit yield of the old log cultivation method, and the production cycle has been shortened from the original more than two years to 10 months. The product's shape
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Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Lightweight Cultivation Technology of Substitute-material Shiitake Mushrooms
Since the 1990s, the substitute-material flower shiitake cultivation technology successfully researched by the Qingyuan County Edible Fungi Research Center has been rapidly promoted and applied nationwide, making major contributions to poverty alleviation and prosperity in rural areas and to the transformation of shiitake production from quantity-oriented to quality-oriented. However, in substitute-material shiitake production, processes such as substrate log sterilization, inoculation operations, and manual bag cutting require large labor inputs, and problems such as low substrate log success rates, uneven fruiting, and deformed fruiting bodies have long constrained the development of shiitake production, especially creating major obstacles for intensive production. For this reason, our
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Causes and Control Techniques of Rotting in Substitute-Material Shiitake Mushroom Logs
In recent years, varying degrees of log rotting (i.e., rotting and disintegration of logs during the spawn-running period) have occurred in some substitute-material shiitake mushroom production areas, causing waste of resources and economic losses for mushroom growers, and in some areas it has seriously threatened the development of the shiitake mushroom industry. For example, in Qingyuan County, the log rotting rates in 1999 and 2003 reached 17% and 31% respectively, with some individual growers exceeding 50%, resulting in severe losses. In response, we have conducted dedicated investigations and research since 1997, and have preliminarily identified the causes of log rotting and its control techniques. 1. Causes of log rotting
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