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What are the methods to prevent deformed and mutated shiitake mushrooms?
During the growth of shiitake mushroom fruiting bodies, "candle mushrooms" often appear, with a hole that has a stem but no cap, as well as "pinecone mushrooms" and "lychee mushrooms." These are all deformed and mutated shiitake mushrooms, most of which belong to physiological diseases. Besides inferior spawn or viral infection, the main human-related causes of deformed mushrooms are: (1) Improper variety selection. For example, mountainous areas with high altitude should choose medium- and low-temperature-type spawn; if high-temperature-type spawn is mistakenly used, the mushroom buds will shrink and stop growing when they encounter low temperatures in winter, forming "pinecone mushrooms." (2)