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What issues should be noted in the efficient cultivation of kernel apricots?
Kernel apricot is one of the main dried fruits in northern China, with excellent economic returns. In recent years, due to the development of almonds, the comparative benefit of kernel apricots has somewhat declined. To improve the production efficiency of kernel apricots, comprehensive measures should be adopted. 1) Develop in suitable sites. Kernel apricots are drought-tolerant, tolerant of poor soil, and widely adaptable, but for efficient production, orchards must be established in locations with deep soil layers, fertile soil, and sheltered, south-facing slopes. Because kernel apricots bloom early and are susceptible to late frost damage, avoid establishing orchards on mountain ridges, wind gaps, and low-lying areas. 2) Pay attention to configuring pollinizer trees.
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Detailed Explanation of Key Technical Points for Kernel Apricot Cultivation and Management
I. Technical Introduction 1. Variety selection: Main cultivars: Longwangmao, Yiwolfeng, Baiyubian, Chaoren, Fenghong, Youren, Yuanren, etc. Baiyubian is an excellent pollinator variety for kernel apricots, with relatively strong cold resistance; Yiwolfeng is extremely high-yielding; the other three varieties are resistant to frost and tolerant of low temperatures. 2. Seedling raising: Kernel apricot seedlings can be divided into two stages: rootstock seedling cultivation and grafted seedling cultivation. (1) Rootstock seedling cultivation. Select fields with sufficient sunlight, loose soil, and irrigation conditions as the seedling-raising site, and prepare the land and apply fertilizer in a timely manner. (2) Grafting. Kernel apricot seedling grafting is divided into bud
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Detailed Explanation of Key Techniques for Flower and Fruit Preservation in Kernel Apricots
1. Pre-bloom irrigation: Irrigate about 10 days before the apricot blooms. This can lower the ground temperature, increase air humidity, and delay blooming by 3-4 days, which helps avoid damage from late frost. 2. Frost prevention during the blooming period: During the blooming period, special attention should be paid to frost forecasts. When frost is forecast, smoke methods should be promptly used to prevent frost damage, that is, before the frost occurs, light the previously prepared straw, fallen leaves and other debris so that smoke covers the entire apricot orchard, and the temperature can be raised by about 2°C. Smoke agents can also be used, with a formula of 20% ammonium nitrate, 15% waste diesel oil, 15%
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Canned Apricot Kernel Processing Methods and Technical Key Points
(1) Process flow: Raw materials → cleaning → shell cracking → material selection → rinsing and soaking → peeling → debittering → color protection → blanching and rinsing → canning → adding broth → exhausting and sealing → sterilization and cooling → heat preservation inspection → finished product (2) Technical requirements 1. Raw materials and cleaning: Select apricot kernels that are large, glossy, fresh, free from mold and damage, and wash them thoroughly with running clean water, then drain. 2. Shell cracking and material washing: Use manual or mechanical shelling to crack the shells and obtain the kernels, selecting high-quality apricot kernels that are plump, free from rot, deterioration and insect damage.
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Do not use cottonseed hulls with a high content of cottonseed kernels directly for cultivating oyster mushrooms
Cottonseed hulls consist of the hulls left after the kernels are removed from cottonseed, the short cotton lint attached to the hulls, and a small amount of broken cottonseed kernels. Cottonseed hulls are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, cellulose and lignin, with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 79-85:1, are slightly alkaline, loose outside and dense inside, have good air permeability and strong water retention, and are a top-grade material for edible mushroom cultivation. However, cottonseed hulls contain toxic substances, and after sterilization under high pressure or normal pressure they release aldehydes, ketones and acids, and these toxic substances inhibit mycelial growth, delay pinning, and cause undesirable outcomes such as small mushrooms and poor mushroom quality.
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Detailed Explanation of Pruning and Training Techniques for Kernel Apricot
Apricot trees are extremely sun-loving. In other countries, tree forms with 2 main branches and no lateral branches on the trunk, or with 4 main branches and no lateral branches on the trunk, are often used. In China, the natural round-headed form or the open-center tiered form is usually adopted, and a few regions use the natural spindle form. In short, there should not be too many main branches, the spacing between tiers should be large, sunlight should be able to enter the inner canopy, there should be many small branch groups and few large branch groups, and then high yields can be achieved. 1. Pruning of young trees Young trees need to expand their canopy as quickly as possible. When pruning, moderately cut back the leaders of the main branches, remove competing branches, crowded branches and whorled branches, and let the main branch leaders grow outward at an angle as single leaders.
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Introduction to the Characteristics of the Twin-Kernel Soft-Shell Almond Variety
The nut is round and spherical with a pointed tip and light brown color; sweet kernel; thick shell, averaging 0.10 cm; nut weight 1.77-1.83 g, with about 720 nuts per kilogram; kernel weight 0.98-1.15 g. Kernel yield 55.7%-63.0%, oil content 55.4%-56.0%. Twin-kernel rate about 80%. The tree habit is slightly spreading. It bears fruit mainly on small short fruiting branches, with relatively high yield. Strong resistance and wide adaptability. The fruit ripens in late August. Leaves are dark green, broadly lanceolate, with flat leaf margins. On small short fruiting branches there are 2-4 single flowers, white in color.
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What varieties are first-grade superior varieties of apricots for kernel use?
1. Longwangmao Among the apricot varieties for kernel use currently mainly cultivated in production in China, only Longwangmao is first-grade, and it is called "Longhuang Big Almond" internationally. The fruit is oblate, with an average single fruit weight of 18 g and a maximum of 24 g; the skin is orange-yellow and the flesh is thin; the stone is free. The kernel rate is 17.5%, and the dry stone weight is 2.3 g. The kernel yield is 37.6%, and the average dry kernel weight is 0.8-0.84 g. The kernel is flat and plump, conical with a flat base; the kernel skin is brownish-yellow, and the kernel flesh is milky white, fragrant and crisp in taste, with a slight bitterness. The average yield per tree at 5-6 years old
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Apricot kernel cultivar Weixuan No. 1 is suitable for cultivation in cold regions
Weixuan No. 1 apricot kernel was bred by the Forestry Bureau of Weichang County and approved by the Hebei Provincial Forest Tree Improved Variety Approval Committee in 2007. 1. Cultivar characteristics. The tree has a relatively strong central leader, an open tree posture, and a natural round-headed tree shape. The branches have strong sprouting ability, and fruiting is mainly on short fruit spurs, though axillary flower buds can also bear fruit. Generally, it flowers and bears fruit 3 years after planting; a 5-year-old tree produces 25 kg of fruit per tree and 7.5 kg of kernels per tree, and enters full bearing period at 7-8 years. The fruit averages 13.6 g in weight (when the skin is green), is broadly ovate, with a greenish-yellow ground color and red on the sunny side.
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Detailed Explanation of Knowledge About Third-Grade Improved Varieties of Kernel Apricots
1. Yiwofeng Yiwofeng, also known as Cibian and Xiaolongwangmao, is one of the main cultivars in Hebei. The fruit is oval, slightly more rounded than Longwangmao, with a single fruit weight of 8.5-11.0 grams and a maximum of 15 grams. The skin is yellow, and when fully ripe it splits along the suture, freestone. Single kernel weight is 1.6-1.9 grams, and the kernel yield rate is 18.5%-20.5%. Kernel weight is 0.52-0.62 grams, kernel extraction rate is 38.2%, the kernel flesh is milky white, and the taste is sweet and fragrant. Extremely high-yielding, but not resistant to late frost. 2. Sanganqi (provisional name) Sanganqi is from He
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