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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Penicillium Disease in Lingzhi (Reishi Mushroom)
Penicillium disease occurs commonly in edible mushroom cultivation and is an important disease on the mushroom beds of lingzhi (reishi mushroom) and other edible fungi, and it also frequently occurs during the fruiting body formation stage. Symptoms: at harvest time, the lingzhi roots left on the cultivation bed are easily infected, and after infection they gradually infect healthy tissues near the diseased tissue. It generally invades from the base of the stipe of healthy lingzhi, after which yellow-brown rot develops and spreads upward from the base. It affects the yield and edible value of the fruiting bodies. Pathogen: this disease is a fungal disease, Penicilliun sp., belonging to the Deuteromycotina. Conidiophores
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Identification and Control Methods of Physiological Diseases of Reishi Mushroom
Due to the action of abiotic factors, the physiological metabolism of reishi mushroom is often disrupted, leading to disease. Symptoms After physiological diseases occur, deformed mushrooms grow, and the mycelium stops growing or grows poorly and shrinks, and excessive vegetative growth can also occur. Causes During cultivation, improper management leads to poor nutrition of the mushroom body; the temperature in the cultivation room is too high or too low, and ventilation is poor; the water content of the substrate is too high or too low, or the pH is unsuitable; lighting is inconsistent; the bed contains excessively concentrated harmful gases; pesticides and growth regulators are used improperly.
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Control Methods for Yeast Disease in Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum)
Yeast is a type of ascomycete fungus lacking filamentous hyphal structure, widely distributed in nature. During the production and cultivation of edible mushroom spawn such as lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) and silver ear (Tremella fuciformis), it can contaminate culture media and substrate, mainly contaminating the substrate, causing substrate deterioration and inhibiting mycelial growth. Symptoms: When yeast infects, it mostly starts from the middle of the silver ear substrate, causing the substrate to ferment and deteriorate, with a sour alcoholic odor being released, affecting mycelial growth and development, and consequently affecting yield and quality. Pathogen: Belongs to the subphylum Ascomycotina fungi,
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Identification and Control Methods of Mucor Disease in Lingzhi (Reishi Mushroom)
Mucor mucedo (L.) Brefeld belongs to the subphylum Zygomycotina, order Mucorales, genus Mucor. It can infect edible fungi such as lingzhi (reishi mushroom), silver ear fungus, and oyster mushroom, and is a common contaminating fungus in mushroom cultures. It grows rapidly and occurs commonly. In severe cases, it can cause the entire culture to be discarded. Symptoms: Mucor can secrete organic acids and toxins that inhibit the growth of lingzhi mycelium. After the substrate is affected, the mycelium appears grayish-white and relatively thick, and grows rapidly. In the later stage, many yellow-white round small granules form at the tips of the aerial mycelium, which gradually turn black.
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Control Methods and Technical Key Points for Edible Mushroom Mite Pests
1. Damage symptoms. Mites often gather around the mushroom blocks and bite and feed on the mycelium, so that the damaged mycelium cannot germinate. Mites severely damage the ear base and mycelium of black fungus and silver ear fungus, affecting fruiting body formation and causing rotten ears and deformed ears. 2. Control measures. Mushroom spawn culture rooms and mushroom houses should be kept away from warehouses, feed rooms, chicken coops and similar places. Inspect the spawn regularly; if mites are found, fumigate with a cotton plug dipped in 50% dichlorvos, which can kill the mites without affecting the mushroom mycelium. One week after spawning in the mushroom house, place a piece of plastic film on the surface of the substrate, and after 1~
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How to control edible mushroom pests? A few clever methods to teach you
(1) Mix sugar, vinegar, baijiu (Chinese liquor), dichlorvos and water in a ratio of 2:3:4:1:90 to make a sweet-and-sour medicinal solution. Soak gauze or cotton balls in the solution, take them out and wring them dry, then cover them on the surface of the substrate. When the pests smell the sweet-and-sour odor, they crawl onto the medicated cloth or cotton and are poisoned to death. (2) Mix vinegar, sugar, dichlorvos and stir-fried yellow bran in a ratio of 1:5:10:84, and sprinkle it around the mushroom bed and on the substrate surface for the pests to eat. (3) Because pests like to move about in bright, well-lit places, spray Miehailing liquid on light-transmitting plastic film, 1-2 times a day, for 3 consecutive
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Pest Control Methods for Edible Mushrooms in Autumn and Winter
Recently there have been many inquiries about pest problems in autumn-cultivated edible mushrooms. Field research has found that pest damage in edible mushrooms was relatively severe this autumn. Some mushroom sheds had almost become "pest sheds," and the pest damage triggered massive contamination by weed molds and serious diseases, causing heavy losses for mushroom growers. Today, based on the research findings, we have invited experts to explain the "prevention" and "treatment" of pests in autumn and winter to fellow mushroom growers, in order to reduce their losses. Types of pest outbreaks and their identification: 1. Mushroom gnats and mushroom flies: Autumn cultivation generally uses fermented substrate, such as oyster mushrooms, shaggy mane mushrooms, and button mushrooms. The smaller mushroom gnats, oyster mushroom eye gnats, mushroom eye gnats, spinous eye gnats, heterogeneous eye gnats, dung flies, phorid flies, fruit flies, and other adults lay eggs near the substrate. The adults and eggs themselves do not cause direct harm; when the temperature is between 16°C and 30°C, the eggs hatch into larvae in about 4 days. The larvae feed on mycelium or fruiting bodies, causing damage for about 7 to 18 days before pupating. The pupal stage generally lasts about 2 to 8 days, after which they emerge as adults. After emergence, adults can mate again on the same day or the next day, and can lay eggs on the day of mating. Generally, each mushroom gnat lays more than 10 eggs, with the maximum reaching 270 eggs. Mushroom gnat adults are relatively large, with most species having a body length of more than 3.5 mm, and the largest can exceed 6 mm. Larvae generally have a body length of about 5 mm, with the largest exceeding 16 mm. Mushroom flies are smaller in size, with the largest phorid fly adults having a body length of only about 1.5 mm, and larvae between 2 mm and 3 mm. However, fruit fly adults and their larvae can reach about 5 mm in body length, similar to mushroom gnats.
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How to prevent and control green mold in edible mushrooms? A detailed introduction to practical methods
Green mold disease is a major enemy in edible mushroom cultivation. It is prone to occur in large amounts when raw materials are not fresh, raw material handling is improper, sterilization is incomplete, inoculation is not strict, and the spawning environment is not clean, especially combined with acidic, high-temperature, and high-humidity conditions. Its spores spread quickly through the air and reproduce rapidly. If prevention is inadequate or control is not timely, serious consequences will result. 1. Select fresh raw materials and auxiliary materials that have not been rained on and are not moldy. Raw material handling and fermentation sites must be clean and hygienic. 2. During cooked-material cultivation, sterilization standards must be met and sterilization must be thorough; during fermented cultivation
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What are the control methods for the 4 types of edible mushroom diseases?
1. Brown rot. Also known as bubble disease and wet bubble disease. It mainly harms button mushrooms, straw mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, etc. The disease is caused by the pathogen Mycogone perniciosa. Main characteristics: the conidia and chlamydospores of Mycogone perniciosa only infect the fruiting body, not the mycelium. When the fruiting body is lightly infected, the stipe swells into a bubble-like deformity, hence the name wet bubble disease. However, at different stages of fruiting body development, the symptoms also differ. If infection occurs before the fruiting body differentiates, there is an irregular mass of tissue resembling a hard-skinned puffball, covered with white cottony mycelium, which gradually turns dark
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Symptoms and Control Methods of Euonymus japonicus Scab
Pathogen: fungus of the genus Colletotrichum, class Coelomycetes, order Melanconiales, subdivision Deuteromycotina. Symptoms: Euonymus japonicus scab mainly damages leaves and branches. On the leaf surface, circular or nearly oval spots 1 mm to 2 mm in diameter first appear, and later the diseased tissue dries up and falls off, forming holes. When new shoots are infected, dark brown circular or oval slightly raised lesions appear on the surface, like scabs, with a grayish-white center. Later, 1 to 2 small black dots, namely acervuli, form in the center of the lesions. In severe cases, leaves drop off, ultimately causing the branches
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