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Occurrence Patterns and Control Methods of Cotton Pests under Drip Irrigation
With the large-scale application of drip irrigation technology for cotton, the irrigation method has been improved. It delivers water and nutrients evenly and continuously to the vicinity of the cotton root system at scheduled times and specific locations, and the supporting cotton cultivation techniques have changed accordingly, causing corresponding changes in the ecological environment of cotton field pests and their occurrence patterns. For this reason, it is highly necessary to clearly understand the occurrence patterns of cotton pests and the technical control measures under mulched drip irrigation, so as to ensure sustained and balanced increases in cotton yield. 1. Cotton bollworm 1. Occurrence level Compared with previous years, the occurrence in 2005 was moderate to severe
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Detailed Explanation of the Harm and Control Methods of Angelica Powdery Mildew
The pathogen of Angelica powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) is a fungus of the genus Erysiphe in the subphylum Ascomycotina. The cleistothecia are clustered, embedded in the mycelium, spherical or flattened spherical, black or dark brown. The cleistothecia contain 3-6 asci. The asci are nearly spherical, oval, colorless, with short stalks, thick-walled, and contain 3-6 ascospores. The ascospores are elliptical, colorless and transparent, single-celled. 1. Harmful symptoms: It damages the leaves. In the early stage of the disease, grayish-white powdery lesions appear on the leaf surface, which then expand and merge into large spots,
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Harm and Control Methods of the Lingzhi Mushroom Fly
The large mushroom fly, scientific name Neoempheriasinica, also known as the Chinese new mushroom gnat, belongs to the order Diptera, family Mycetophilidae. This insect is mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Hubei, Shanghai, Beijing and other places, and occurs mostly in the relatively damp and shady places of air-raid shelters and mine tunnels. In spring and autumn, the larvae of this insect damage edible fungi such as lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum), oyster mushroom, shiitake, wood ear, lion's mane, and enoki mushroom. The damage is characterized by the larvae feeding on lingzhi mycelium and fruiting bodies, leaving boreholes at the damaged sites, and also excreting mucus and frass that contaminate the fungal bodies, lead
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Control Methods for Four Types of Diseases in Edible Fungi
1. Brown rot, also known as bubble disease, wet bubble disease, etc. It mainly affects button mushrooms, straw mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, etc. The disease is caused by a fungus called Mycogone perniciosa. The main characteristics are: the conidia and chlamydospores of Mycogone perniciosa only infect the fruiting bodies, not the mycelium. When the fruiting body is lightly infected, the stipe swells into a bubbly deformity, hence the name wet bubble disease. However, at different stages of fruiting body development, the symptoms also differ. When the fruiting body is infected before differentiation, an irregular mass of tissue resembling a hard-skinned puffball appears, covered with a layer of white cottony mycelium, and gradually
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What are the control methods for Penicillium in edible fungi?
Penicillium, also known as green mold, common species in edible fungus production include Penicillium frequentans, P. lilacinum, P. viridicatum, P. chrysogenum, and P. verruculosum. Penicillium can infect and harm various edible fungi such as oyster mushrooms, button mushrooms, and shiitake mushrooms during both spawn production and cultivation. (1) Damage symptoms
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Harm and Control Methods of the Mold Mite in Edible Fungi
Tyrophagus putrescentiae belongs to the family Acaridae, genus Tyrophagus, and is distributed throughout the country. (1) Harm characteristics This mite is one of the most important pest mites of edible fungi. It frequently occurs in mushroom spawn bottles, mushroom beds, and shiitake mushroom blocks, and also damages straw mushrooms and oyster mushrooms. It also commonly occurs in large numbers in edible fungus cultivation materials such as rice straw, cottonseed hulls, and barnyard manure, especially in humid environments, where it reproduces quickly and occurs in large numbers. After the edible fungus mycelium is fed upon, it breaks apart and gradually tends toward aging and decline.
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Symptoms and Control Methods of Brown Spot Disease in Edible Fungi
Damaged crops: Edible fungi. Damage symptoms: Does not infect the mycelium, only infects the fruiting bodies, but can grow along mycelial strands, forming relatively dry grayish-white tissue masses. Infected mushroom buds stop differentiating; after young mushrooms are infected, the caps become smaller, the stems become thicker and brown, forming deformed mushrooms; after the fruiting bodies are infected in the middle to late stages, many pinhead-sized, irregular brown spots appear on the caps and gradually expand into grayish-white depressions. Diseased mushrooms often have their surface layer peeling or cracking, do not rot, and have no foul odor. The disease course is about 14 days. Classification attribute: Verticillium
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What are the control methods for the Chinese parasol tree psyllid?
The Chinese parasol tree (Firmiana simplex) is one of the main urban landscaping tree species in northern China, with a tall, straight trunk, attractive leaf shape, and good shading effect. However, the Chinese parasol tree psyllid causes serious damage, greatly affecting its ornamental effect. After long-term observation, garden workers have gradually worked out the occurrence and development patterns of the Chinese parasol tree psyllid, carried out effective control, and accumulated certain experience, which is introduced below for reference. I. Damage characteristics and symptoms. The Chinese parasol tree psyllid, also known as the Chinese parasol tree split-head psyllid, belongs to the order Homoptera, family Psyllidae. It uses nymphs and adults to suck sap on Chinese parasol tree leaves or young twigs and tender trunks,
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Identification and Control Methods of the Chinese Parasol Tree Psyllid
Morphology: Adult body length 5.6 to 6.9 mm, yellow-green; head broad horizontally, vertex deeply cleft, frons exposed; compound eyes hemispherical and protruding, brown; antennae yellow; wings colorless and transparent, veins tea-yellow; claws black; dorsum of abdomen pale yellow, with a brown band along the anterior margin of each segment. Egg spindle-shaped, length 0.5 to 0.8 mm, slightly transparent, pale yellow or yellow-brown when newly laid, pale reddish-brown before hatching. Newly hatched nymph rectangular, tea-yellow tinged with green, wing pads slightly visible; mature nymph long oval, length 3.0 to 5.0 mm, darker in color, wing pads clearly visible.
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Identification and Control Methods of the Red Pine Pest Red Wood Borer Weevil
Why is the red wood borer weevil considered an important pest of young red pine trees? Because the larvae of the red wood borer weevil bore under the bark of red pine branches and shoots, causing the main shoot and side shoots to be damaged and die. This not only affects the growth of red pine, but can also cause the branches and trunk to crack and exude resin, weakening the tree's vigor and allowing other pests and diseases to invade and cause harm. Moreover, because this insect spends most of its life cycle under the bark of branches, it is difficult to control. Once it occurs in a forest, it may bring serious consequences of forest destruction. How to identify the red wood borer weevil? The adult of this insect is a small beetle, belonging to
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