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Symptoms and Control Methods of Cotton Boll Red Rot
Symptoms After a cotton boll is infected, amorphous lesions initially appear. In wet weather or during continuous overcast and rainy periods, the disease spreads rapidly, covering the entire boll, and in some cases reaching the cotton fibers, producing a uniform pink or light red mold layer. After rain, the mold tends to stick together, forming pink clumps, causing the diseased boll to fail to crack open, and the cotton fibers to rot into stiff, matted locks. After seeds are infected, the germination rate declines. Pathogen The pathogen is the same as that of cotton seedling red rot. Transmission routes and disease conditions This fungus is a weak parasite and cannot directly infect cotton bolls; it mainly enters through wounds to cause disease
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Symptoms and Control Methods of Cotton Leaf Blight
Symptoms Also known as cotton Cercospora leaf spot. It mainly damages leaves. Infection usually occurs in the late growth stage of cotton. At first, many dark red small spots appear on the leaves, then expand into nearly round lesions with purplish red, slightly raised edges and brown centers. Under moist conditions, a white mold layer forms, which is the pathogen's conidiophores and conidia. Affected leaves break very easily. Pathogen Mycosphaerella gossypina (Cooke) Earle, called cotton ball fungus, belongs to the Ascomycota fungi. The ascocarp is spherical and black, and the ascospores
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How to control cotton aphids in summer? These methods you need to master
Control of cotton aphids in summer. 1. Rotate the use of pesticides. Rotate the use of conventional field pesticides such as acetamiprid, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos to reduce the likelihood of aphids developing resistance. Once aphids develop resistance to a certain chemical pesticide, even if you increase the number of applications and raise the pesticide concentration, you will not achieve the desired control effect. 2. Spray the affected parts evenly and thoroughly. Cotton is now in full bloom and the plants are tall, so when spraying you must be careful and thorough, focusing on spraying the undersides of the leaves in the middle and lower parts of the cotton plant, strictly preventing missed spraying and missed coverage, and truly
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What are the common control methods for diseases of Schisandra chinensis?
Schisandra chinensis fruit rot and its control: Small brown or black spots appear on the fruit surface, which later turn black. Control method: use a 50% amobam 500-600 times dilution, spraying once every 10 days, for 3-4 consecutive sprays. Schisandra chinensis root rot and its control: It mostly occurs from early May to early August. After onset, the root and the soil contact area rot, the root bark falls off, and the plant dies within a few days. Control method: drench the roots with 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture. Schisandra chinensis leaf blight and its control: It mostly occurs
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Symptoms and Control Methods of Root Rot in Schisandra (Schisandra chinensis)
The disease occurs from early May to early August. When it strikes, the junction between the roots and the ground turns black and rots, the root bark peels off, the leaves wither, and the entire plant may even die. It is mostly caused by waterlogging in the field. Control methods: (1) The field plot must not accumulate water; drain promptly when it rains to keep soil moisture at around 40%. (2) During the disease period, drench the roots with a 500-1000 times dilution of 50% carbendazim.
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What are the control methods for bag-cultivated shiitake mushroom rot?
In bag-cultivated shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes), mushroom rot often occurs during fruiting body differentiation and pinning. The main causes are: continuous rainfall during the fruiting period, especially under high-temperature and high-humidity conditions, excessive humidity in the mushroom house, which makes it easy for contaminating microorganisms to invade and cause mushroom rot; some cases are viral diseases that cause mycelial degeneration and fruiting body decay; sometimes due to poor management, excessive watering in autumn, with relative humidity reaching above 95%, combined with poor ventilation under plastic film covering on the mushroom bed and excessive carbon dioxide accumulation, causing mushroom buds to fail to develop normally and become moldy and rotten. The main measures to prevent mushroom rot are: 1. Regulate the
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What are the control methods for mold and rot in shiitake mushroom logs?
During the color-turning and fruiting period of bag-cultivated shiitake mushrooms, the rotting of the mushroom logs often affects the high quality and high yield of shiitake mushrooms. There are two types of manifestations of rotten mushroom logs. One type is the loosening and disintegration of the mushroom log. The mushroom log is loose and lacks elasticity, easily falling apart when touched by hand, and the culture material has no off odor. This mostly occurs when the mushroom log is opened from the bag for color turning or after 1-2 batches of mushrooms have already been produced. The main reasons are: during the mycelium growth process of the mushroom log, poor ventilation in the culture room causes severe oxygen deficiency, or certain mycelial heat is generated in the later stage of mycelial growth, and combined with high air temperature and failure to turn and stack the logs in time to dissipate heat, the temperature exceeds 35°C or above, causing part of the
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What are the control methods for Panellus stipticus?
Panellus stipticus is also known as the hemostatic fan mushroom. Taxonomically it belongs to the Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae, and the genus Panellus. The fruiting bodies grow in groups or clusters, arranged in an imbricate (roof-tile-like) pattern. The cap is 1-3 cm in diameter, tough, kidney-shaped or semicircular, initially white, later turning dark yellow or cinnamon, with the surface cracking into bran-like scales and the margin inrolled. The stipe is lateral, thick and short, solid, the same color as the cap, with small scales covering the surface. The gills are narrow and crowded, yellow or cinnamon, darkening when dry, with cross-veins connecting the gills. This fungus is a wood-rotting macrofungus that frequently occurs on mushroom logs.
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Control methods for small fungal infections on shiitake mushroom logs
During the cultivation of edible mushrooms, small fungi such as Trichoderma spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., and slime molds infect substitute substrate cultivation. Under conditions suitable for their growth and reproduction, they can likewise infect segment logs. The morphological characteristics and occurrence patterns of these small fungi have been described for oyster mushrooms and button mushrooms. Because cultivation forms differ, the control methods also differ slightly: if small fungal infection is found on any part of the mushroom log, a kerosene blowtorch can be aimed at the pathogen to burn it to death, and then the infected area should be coated with a layer of 5%-10% limewater or
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Soft Rot in Edible Fungi
Damage symptoms: White bead-like mycelial networks first appear on the surface of the casing soil on the bed. If not treated promptly, they quickly spread and turn water-red. Infection of the fruiting body starts from the stipe and extends to the cap, initially appearing water-soaked, then gradually turning brown, softening, and eventually rotting. Classification: A fungal disease caused by Verticillium dendroides. Disease characteristics: The casing soil carries the pathogen, which spreads mainly through airflow and water droplets in the mushroom house. Control methods: Strictly disinfect the casing soil to cut off the source of infection. When it occurs locally, spray a 2%-5% formaldehyde solution or 800 times
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