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How to prevent mushroom spawn degeneration? Practical control methods
Spawn degeneration can lead to slow mycelial growth, weakened resistance to the environment, contaminant microorganisms and so on, an earlier or delayed fruiting body formation period, and indistinct flushes of mushrooms. There are many causes of spawn degeneration, among which impure spawn and gene mutation are the main reasons; in addition, excessively high temperatures and mixed cultivation of different strains can all cause spawn degeneration. Measures to prevent spawn degeneration include: ensuring pure culture of the spawn, taking care not to use spawn contaminated by foreign microorganisms, and not cultivating in close proximity connected to each other; strictly controlling the number of subcultures, reducing mechanical damage,
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The Harm and Control Methods of Common Contaminant Fungi in Edible Mushroom Cultivation
I. Neurospora. Also known as Monilia. Its asexual stage belongs to the order Moniliales, family Sphaeriaceae; its sexual stage is an ascomycete. The species harmful to mushrooms are Neurospora crassa and Neurospora sitophila. The hyphae are white, loose, branched and septate. The conidiophores branch in a dichotomous manner. The conidia are produced in chains, spherical to oval, orange-red or pink. The perithecia are clustered or scattered, nearly spherical or oval. The asci are cylindrical, each containing 8 ascospores. Neurospora is widely distributed and can be spread through air, soil, decaying plants, grains, and so on. It occurs severely when the substrate is too wet and
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What are the control methods for competitive contaminant fungi in edible mushrooms
1. The harmfulness of competitive contaminant fungi in edible mushrooms. In the process of edible mushroom production, due to large-scale cultivation or production at the same site for many years, edible mushroom diseases, insect pests and contaminant fungi frequently occur, spread quickly and cause great losses, becoming a major obstacle to the development of edible mushroom production. Among them, competitive contaminant fungi such as bacteria, Trichoderma, Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus and Neurospora frequently occur, infect the mycelium of edible mushrooms, grow quickly, compete for the nutrients in the substrate, secrete toxins, inhibit the normal growth of the edible mushroom mycelium, and cause spawn
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The Harm and Control Methods of Neurospora in Shiitake Mushrooms
In the early growth stage, Neurospora appears fuzzy, white or gray, and in the later growth stage it turns pink or yellow. When large numbers of conidia pile up into clumps, its appearance resembles the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus (lion's mane mushroom). Neurospora spreads and causes damage mainly through conidia, and it is the most important contaminant fungus that occurs during hot seasons. The hyphae of Neurospora are tough and vigorous, with the characteristic of rapid reproduction. Once it breaks out massively, it is catastrophic, and the consequence is that spawn, culture bags or culture blocks are discarded in batches. To control Neurospora, the first step is to avoid production during hot seasons as much as possible. During the spawn-running stage of shiitake mushrooms, the temperature
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What are the control methods for the box tree webworm (Glyphodes perspectalis)?
It damages boxwood, boxwood (Buxus sinica), large-leaved boxwood, small-leaved boxwood, Japanese boxwood, spoon-leaved boxwood, Korean boxwood, holly and others. The larvae spin silk to bind leaves together and make nests, damaging the host plants. The damaged leaves first show yellow dead spots, and later the entire leaf falls off. They spin silk to bind the leaves and the damaged fallen leaves together, so that the leaves cannot spread out and growth and development are severely affected; when the damage is severe, the whole plant dies. In Shanghai it has 3 to 4 generations a year, with serious overlapping of generations; it becomes active in March of the following year, begins pupating in mid-April, begins emerging in late April, and the first generation
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Identification and Control Methods of the Box Tree Moth
The box tree moth Diaphania perspectalis (Walker), also known as the box tree black-margined pyralid moth, belongs to the order Lepidoptera, family Pyralidae. [Distribution and damage]: It is distributed in Shaanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xizang and other places. It damages boxwood, littleleaf boxwood, Lushan boxwood, Korean boxwood, etc. The larvae often connect surrounding leaves with silk to form a temporary nest, in which they feed; when the infestation is severe,
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What are the control methods for the box tree moth (Glyphodes perspectalis)?
Lepidoptera, Pyralidae (snout moths). It is one of the leaf-eating pests on hedge plants such as Japanese boxwood (Buxus microphylla) and Chinese boxwood (Buxus sinica). It mainly damages the top shoots and leaves of hedge plants, causing bare branches and leaves, greatly reducing their greening and ornamental value. In recent years, the damage has been increasing year by year across the country. Distribution and damage: distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi, Qinghai, and Xizang; it damages boxwood (Buxus), Chinese boxwood, box-leaf euonymus (Buxus bodinieri), holly (Ilex), and winged euonymus (Euonymus). The larvae spin silk to bind leaves together into nests and feed on
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Control Methods for Japanese Wax Scale Infestation on Boxwood
One generation occurs per year, with fertilized female adults overwintering on twigs and shoots. Morphological characteristics: female adult, wax shell grayish white or slightly flesh-red, oval. Male adult, body dark brown or brown, head and thoracic dorsal plate darker. Nymph, wax shell ovate to elliptical, dorsum slightly raised. Control methods: (1) Quarantine measures: when purchasing seedlings from other locations, plant quarantine procedures must be strictly implemented to prevent artificial spread of the pest. (2) Strengthen garden maintenance and management: through maintenance and management, create environmental conditions unsuitable for scale insect survival. Implement crop rotation, clean up the garden promptly
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How to prevent and control garden balsam ring spot disease? A detailed guide to practical methods
Symptoms The disease occurs on leaves. Large round lesions with dark brown edges form. The surface of the lesions shows distinct concentric rings. In the later stage, the center of the lesion turns grayish brown, with scattered small black dots. Pathogen: Ascochyta phaseolorum Saccardo, belonging to the genus Ascochyta, subphylum Deuteromycotina. Transmission route: The pathogen overwinters and oversummers on diseased plant debris as pycnidia and perithecia. Conidia can spread via wind and rain. Conidia produced on later lesions continue to spread and cause secondary infections.
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods of Impatiens Green Petal Disease
Also known as balsam green-change disease, it is sporadically distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hebei, Beijing and other places. It mainly damages the floral organs of Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam), causing them to lose their normal ornamental value. Symptoms: affected plants mainly show flowers turning into leaves, that is, the petals change from normal pink to green, slender like leaves; some petals become leaf-like, retaining only a small amount of red. New plants of the current year show symptoms after blooming. In the high-temperature summer season, the flowering period is shorter than normal, and the inner petals of the corolla quickly turn brown, die and fall off. Under the same cultivation and management conditions, diseased plants are shorter than healthy plants, and the leaves often curl upward from the edges, not
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