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Harm and Control Methods of the Licorice Seed Chalcid
Adults lay eggs on the seed coat of green fruits; after the larvae hatch, they immediately bore into and feed on the seeds, and pupate inside the seeds. After the adults emerge, they bite through the seed coat and escape. The infested seeds are eaten out into empty shells, and small round emergence holes are left on the seed coat and pods. This pest has a great impact on yield. Control methods: ① In winter, clear away residual leaves to reduce the source of the pest. ② Before sowing, the seeds must be treated, either by removing the insects or by dressing the seeds with carbaryl powder. ③ During the occurrence period, especially the green fruit stage, spray with pesticide.
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Mushroom Summer Disease Prevention and Control Methods and Technical Key Points
In summer, temperatures are high, humidity is high, and the base level of contaminating microorganisms is high. In view of these characteristics, effective prevention and control measures should be taken to ensure smooth production. I. Disease prevention measures during the cultivation and mycelial running stage. Due to the influence of high humidity, the success rate of cultivation and mycelial running is greatly reduced, mainly manifested as slow mycelial running, weak hyphae, and a high contamination rate. Main measures: 1. Virus-free spawn and formulated substrate: Virus-free spawn can ensure that it does not itself carry viruses or pathogens and effectively improve resistance; this is the foundation of production. Research has shown that for every 250 kg of cottonseed hull raw material
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Mushroom fly control methods and key technical points
The larvae of various flies, commonly known as maggots, are very harmful to mushrooms, not only feeding on mushroom mycelium but also spreading diseases. Mushroom flies mainly breed in manure and are brought into the mushroom house through the compost. After fruiting, maggots of various colors are often found gathering at the junction of the cap and the stipe, or boring into the interior of the stipe, seriously affecting the quality and yield of the mushrooms. Control measures: 1. During the composting period, 0.5% dichlorvos should be sprayed frequently around the compost pile; 2. Dichlorvos should also be sprayed regularly around the mushroom house, and environmental
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What are the control methods for mushroom wet bubble disease?
(1) Before planting, spray and disinfect the mushroom house and mushroom racks with a 5% bleaching powder aqueous solution or a 5% formaldehyde solution. (2) Disinfect the casing soil. The casing soil should be taken from deep soil below 30 cm; never take topsoil, and even more so, do not take soil from fields where mushroom waste has been dumped. After the casing soil is prepared, it should be sun-dried thoroughly, and at the same time disinfected with chemicals. The specific method: use 1.5 g of Cimeijing per square meter, mix it evenly with the soil, and then apply it as casing soil. In areas with severe disease, the dosage may be appropriately increased. For the second application, after the second flush of mushrooms is harvested, spray a 700
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What are the control methods for mushroom slugs?
Morphological characteristics The wild slug (Deroceras agreste) has a soft body without a shell, dark gray, yellowish white or grayish red in color, and secretes colorless mucus; when extended, its body length is 30-40 mm and width 4-6 mm. The two-lined mucous slug (Philomycus bilineatus) is soft and shell-less, grayish white or pale yellowish brown, secretes milky white mucus, and when extended measures 35-37 mm in length and 6-7 mm in width. The yellow slug (Limax flavus) is soft and shell-less, dark orange or yellowish brown, secretes pale yellow mucus, and when extended reaches 120 mm in length and 12 mm in width. Occurrence pattern and living habits
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What are the control methods for mushroom mycelium shrinkage?
In mushroom cultivation, it is common to encounter mycelium that does not colonize the substrate after germination, turns yellow and shrinks, seriously affecting the development of mushroom production. The causes and control methods are described below: 1. High-temperature burning of the mycelium. The sowing period has high temperatures, the compost is too thick, and the substrate temperature does not steadily drop after fermentation, so the temperature inside the compost rises above 30°C. Control methods. The sowing period for mushrooms should avoid the high-temperature period; at sowing time the substrate temperature should be stable below 25°C. If mycelium is found to have shrunk due to high temperature after sowing, the pile should be turned again for ventilation, and then
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Analysis of the Causes of Abundant Yellow Mushrooms and Prevention and Control Methods
The main causes are improper management during the low-temperature season. During the low-temperature season, the humidity inside the mushroom shed may be too high, with excessive watering, and too much free water adhering to the mushroom bodies. After absorbing water, it cannot evaporate, which weakens the metabolism of the mushroom bodies, causing various pathogens to take advantage of the opportunity, multiply in large numbers, and trigger various diseases of the fruiting bodies; continuous low-temperature weather causes the temperature inside the mushroom shed to be too low, and the edible fungus fruiting bodies remain in a poor living environment for a long time, leading to disease; some edible fungus varieties are at the 3rd to 4th flush during the fruiting period, and the nutrient supply in the fungus bags is insufficient. After budding, the
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods for Mushroom Brown Blotch Disease
Mushroom brown blotch disease, also known as dry bubble disease, is fairly widespread and occurs frequently on mushroom beds, causing great damage. Symptoms: When the disease occurs, brown spots usually form on the stipe, cap, and gills, and become sunken; the mushrooms often lose their firmness and become deformed. In severe cases, the mushrooms rot. Diseased young mushrooms are mostly deformed, with the edge of the cap appearing serrated, or the stipe bending; some look like garlic bulbs, with the stipe thicker than the cap. When large mushrooms are affected, localized brown spots usually appear; the diseased mushrooms later dry out and become leathery, and a gray mold layer forms on the diseased parts. Unlike white rot disease, the diseased mushrooms rot
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Physiological Disorders of Mushrooms and Their Control Methods
Mushrooms are relatively sensitive to their environment. A poor cultivation environment will hinder their normal growth and development, produce various abnormal phenomena, and lead to reduced yields and lower quality. Common physiological disorders of mushrooms include excessive mycelial growth, hard opening of the caps, thin-skinned early opening, and the appearance of ground-button mushrooms and hollow-stem white-core mushrooms. They are described below: Symptoms of excessive mycelial growth: after the casing soil of the mushroom bed is watered, the fluffy mycelium of the mushroom will continuously grow toward the surface of the fine soil, and in severe cases will form a fine, dense, water-impermeable mycelial mat, thereby delaying the time of fruiting and reducing the
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Symptoms and Control Methods of Carnation Leaf Spot Disease
There are many types of pests and diseases that harm carnations, and unsuitable cultivation environments and management mistakes can both aggravate pests and diseases. Carnation leaf spot disease, also known as carnation white star disease, can harm many flowers of the Caryophyllaceae family. [Pathogen] Septoria dianthi Desm., belonging to the fungi Deuteromycotina, genus Septoria. [Symptoms] The disease harms leaves and stems. Nearly round small spots form on leaves and stems, with a diameter of about 5 mm; the spots are light brown with purple edges,
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