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Identification and Control Methods of the Box Tree Moth
The box tree moth Diaphania perspectalis (Walker), also known as the box tree black-margined pyralid moth, belongs to the order Lepidoptera, family Pyralidae. [Distribution and damage]: It is distributed in Shaanxi, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanghai, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Xizang and other places. It damages boxwood, littleleaf boxwood, Lushan boxwood, Korean boxwood, etc. The larvae often connect surrounding leaves with silk to form a temporary nest, in which they feed; when the infestation is severe,
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What are the control methods for the box tree webworm (Glyphodes perspectalis)?
It damages boxwood, boxwood (Buxus sinica), large-leaved boxwood, small-leaved boxwood, Japanese boxwood, spoon-leaved boxwood, Korean boxwood, holly and others. The larvae spin silk to bind leaves together and make nests, damaging the host plants. The damaged leaves first show yellow dead spots, and later the entire leaf falls off. They spin silk to bind the leaves and the damaged fallen leaves together, so that the leaves cannot spread out and growth and development are severely affected; when the damage is severe, the whole plant dies. In Shanghai it has 3 to 4 generations a year, with serious overlapping of generations; it becomes active in March of the following year, begins pupating in mid-April, begins emerging in late April, and the first generation
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The Harm and Control Methods of Neurospora in Shiitake Mushrooms
In the early growth stage, Neurospora appears fuzzy, white or gray, and in the later growth stage it turns pink or yellow. When large numbers of conidia pile up into clumps, its appearance resembles the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus (lion's mane mushroom). Neurospora spreads and causes damage mainly through conidia, and it is the most important contaminant fungus that occurs during hot seasons. The hyphae of Neurospora are tough and vigorous, with the characteristic of rapid reproduction. Once it breaks out massively, it is catastrophic, and the consequence is that spawn, culture bags or culture blocks are discarded in batches. To control Neurospora, the first step is to avoid production during hot seasons as much as possible. During the spawn-running stage of shiitake mushrooms, the temperature
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What are the control methods for competitive contaminant fungi in edible mushrooms
1. The harmfulness of competitive contaminant fungi in edible mushrooms. In the process of edible mushroom production, due to large-scale cultivation or production at the same site for many years, edible mushroom diseases, insect pests and contaminant fungi frequently occur, spread quickly and cause great losses, becoming a major obstacle to the development of edible mushroom production. Among them, competitive contaminant fungi such as bacteria, Trichoderma, Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus and Neurospora frequently occur, infect the mycelium of edible mushrooms, grow quickly, compete for the nutrients in the substrate, secrete toxins, inhibit the normal growth of the edible mushroom mycelium, and cause spawn
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The Harm and Control Methods of Common Contaminant Fungi in Edible Mushroom Cultivation
I. Neurospora. Also known as Monilia. Its asexual stage belongs to the order Moniliales, family Sphaeriaceae; its sexual stage is an ascomycete. The species harmful to mushrooms are Neurospora crassa and Neurospora sitophila. The hyphae are white, loose, branched and septate. The conidiophores branch in a dichotomous manner. The conidia are produced in chains, spherical to oval, orange-red or pink. The perithecia are clustered or scattered, nearly spherical or oval. The asci are cylindrical, each containing 8 ascospores. Neurospora is widely distributed and can be spread through air, soil, decaying plants, grains, and so on. It occurs severely when the substrate is too wet and
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How to prevent mushroom spawn degeneration? Practical control methods
Spawn degeneration can lead to slow mycelial growth, weakened resistance to the environment, contaminant microorganisms and so on, an earlier or delayed fruiting body formation period, and indistinct flushes of mushrooms. There are many causes of spawn degeneration, among which impure spawn and gene mutation are the main reasons; in addition, excessively high temperatures and mixed cultivation of different strains can all cause spawn degeneration. Measures to prevent spawn degeneration include: ensuring pure culture of the spawn, taking care not to use spawn contaminated by foreign microorganisms, and not cultivating in close proximity connected to each other; strictly controlling the number of subcultures, reducing mechanical damage,
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Control Methods and Rescue Measures for the Three Major Types of Pesticide Damage in Cotton
1. Strict operation and effective prevention. When using the various types of pesticides mentioned above on cotton, the operating procedures must be strictly followed and the pesticides used rationally (including the type, concentration, method and timing of application, etc.), so as to give full play to the pesticide's efficacy while reducing costs and preventing pesticide damage. 2. Timely "rescue" to eliminate the "danger". After pesticide damage occurs, a large amount of water can be sprayed on the leaves to wash it off; in the soil, irrigation, drainage to wash out the pesticide, or neutralization and detoxification with safeners can be used. If Bordeaux mixture is mistakenly used, since copper ions cause the pesticide damage, 0.5%-1% lime milk can be sprayed; spray equipment that has been used for
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Occurrence Patterns and Control Methods of Cotton Seedling Diseases
Cotton seedling diseases are characterized by a concentrated onset period, generally occurring 15-30 days after sowing. The primary infection source comes mainly from the soil, with a small portion from seeds. Around April 20 this year, many provinces experienced continuous rainy and low-temperature weather, so seedling diseases are bound to be severe, and timely control measures should be taken in all areas. I. Symptom Manifestations (1) Damping-off. When cotton seedlings are affected before emergence, it causes seed and sprout rot. When disease occurs after seedling emergence, lesions initially appear as yellowish-brown and later turn black and sunken at the base of the young stem near the soil surface. The lesions gradually expand,
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How to prevent and control swine lungworm disease? Prevention and control methods every pig farmer must read
Swine lungworm disease is a helminthic disease caused by Metastrongylus nematodes parasitizing the bronchi and bronchioles of pigs. It is highly harmful to pigs, often causing bronchitis and even pneumonia, and is prone to complicating with pulmonary infectious diseases such as swine pasteurellosis and swine enzootic pneumonia. It often occurs as an endemic disease, mostly infecting pigs when they eat earthworms containing infective larvae. One month after infection, piglets mainly develop coughing, especially obvious when exercising in the morning and evening or when encountering changes in external temperature. Sometimes purulent mucus flows from the nostrils, and there are eye secretions. The appetite of sick pigs is generally normal, but growth and development stagnate, and they gradually become emaciated.
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Detailed Explanation of Garlic Disease Types, Causes, and Prevention and Control Methods
I. Types of Garlic Diseases 1. Round leaf (also called barrel) This disease mainly manifests during the period before the garlic scape emerges; the leaves at the top of the garlic form a barrel shape that tightly wraps the garlic scape inside the barrel, causing the scape to become enclosed or broken. 2. Garlic branching That is, multiple branches on one plant, like grandfather and grandson, with nutrients dispersed; the main garlic scape lacks sufficient nutrients and is thin and short. 3. Spots This disease mainly manifests before the garlic scape bolts; spots appear on the surface of the garlic scape, including white spots, yellow spots, and red spots, causing the garlic scape to rot or become moldy. 4. Garlic glume turning red or flowering
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