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Control Methods for Spruce-Bird Cherry Cone Rust
Spruce-bird cherry cone rust occurs in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, ** and other places in China. The disease damages Picea asperata (dragon spruce), Picea purpurea (purple cone spruce), Picea likiangensis (Likiang spruce), Picea brachytyla var. complanata (oil wheat hanging spruce), Picea jezoensis (Yeddo spruce), Picea schrenkiana (Schrenk spruce), ** spruce and others. Symptoms: The disease damages the upper surface of female cone scales. Infected scales are twisted, rolled back and disorganized. On the upper surface, many purplish-brown small spheres are produced, arranged in a single layer; these are the aeciospore pustules of the pathogen. Sometimes aeciospore pustules also form on the underside of the scales.
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What are the control methods for spruce red blight?
In recent years, with the increase in the number of spruce plantings, spruce red blight has become severe, reaching up to 50% in some dense forest belts, seriously weakening tree vigor and even causing tree death. The disease develops rapidly, spreading from the lower part of the tree to the upper part, from the outer edge of the crown inward, and from the base of the compound leaves to the tip. In as many as 10 days, or as few as 1 week, the entire tree's leaves can turn yellow and then fall off. The disease is caused by fungi. When temperature changes abruptly and humidity increases, the tree shows symptoms. Diseased leaves first develop small brown spots, which later expand and turn dark brown; when wet from rain, the lesions produce
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Symptom Identification and Control Methods for Black Locust Trunk Rot
Symptoms: The disease affects the branches and trunks of young trees to large trees, causing branch dieback or death of the entire tree. In large trees, it mainly occurs at the base of the trunk, and in a few cases at the forks of upper branches and tips. When the base of a large tree is affected, there are no obvious external symptoms; when the bark is peeled back, the interior has already discolored and rotted, with a foul odor, and irregular brown to dark brown patches appear on the surface of the xylem. The lesions continuously expand, encircling the trunk for 1 full turn, causing the branches and trunk above the lesion to die, and the leaves immediately turn yellow and wilt. When the branch tips or the main stem of young trees are affected, the diseased tissue shows water-soaked rot, producing obvious canker lesions that are slightly sunken with purplish-brown edges
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Comprehensive Control Methods for Damping-Off Disease in Spruce Seedlings Grown in Greenhouse Tunnels
In high-cold mountain areas, greenhouse tunnel seedling cultivation is usually adopted to shorten the cultivation period of spruce seedlings and enable earlier out-planting. The special environment of the greenhouse tunnel creates conditions for the breeding and spread of various pathogenic bacteria and organisms that cause damping-off in newly sown spruce seedlings, and improper control can lead to failure of seedling cultivation. To control damping-off in newly sown spruce seedlings in greenhouse tunnels, the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control" must be adhered to. 1 Damping-off symptoms The symptoms of damping-off mainly manifest in 4 types: (1) After sowing but before emergence, seeds and ungerminated sprouts rot and die in the soil,
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How to prevent and control pests and diseases of oleander? A detailed guide to practical methods
1. After aphids are found, spray the plants with a 40% dichlorvos emulsion at 800 times dilution, or with water in which cigarette butts have been soaked; when there are only a few, they can also be brushed off. For other control methods, refer to the pest and disease control section for Chinese rose and scarlet sage. 2. Scale insects damage the branches and leaves. Control method: spray the plants with Jiesha at 2000 times dilution. For other control methods, refer to pest and disease control for crape myrtle. 3. Black spot disease This disease occurs easily under high temperature and high humidity and damages the leaves. After it appears, spray with 50% carbendazim at 500 times dilution or thiophanate-methyl at 600 times dilution. For other control methods
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Occurrence and Control Methods of Oleander Aphid Infestation
Morphological characteristics: The aphid belongs to the order Homoptera, family Aphididae. Wingless parthenogenetic female: body length 2.3 mm, width 1.2 mm, oval in shape, yellow in color, with distinct markings on the eighth abdominal segment. The body surface has obvious reticulate patterns. The median frontal tubercle is raised, with a flat top; the antennae have imbricate sculpturing and are 2/3 of the body length. The cornicles are long and tubular; the cauda is tongue-shaped, constricted in the middle, bearing 11-14 long curved hairs. Winged parthenogenetic female: body length 2.1 mm, width 1.0 mm, elongate-oval; head and thorax black; antennae 3/4 of the body length. Abdominal segments 2-4 have small marginal tubercles; cornicles are long and cylindrical.
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Symptoms and Control Methods of Euonymus japonicus Scab
Pathogen: fungus of the genus Colletotrichum, class Coelomycetes, order Melanconiales, subdivision Deuteromycotina. Symptoms: Euonymus japonicus scab mainly damages leaves and branches. On the leaf surface, circular or nearly oval spots 1 mm to 2 mm in diameter first appear, and later the diseased tissue dries up and falls off, forming holes. When new shoots are infected, dark brown circular or oval slightly raised lesions appear on the surface, like scabs, with a grayish-white center. Later, 1 to 2 small black dots, namely acervuli, form in the center of the lesions. In severe cases, leaves drop off, ultimately causing the branches
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What are the control methods for the 4 types of edible mushroom diseases?
1. Brown rot. Also known as bubble disease and wet bubble disease. It mainly harms button mushrooms, straw mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, etc. The disease is caused by the pathogen Mycogone perniciosa. Main characteristics: the conidia and chlamydospores of Mycogone perniciosa only infect the fruiting body, not the mycelium. When the fruiting body is lightly infected, the stipe swells into a bubble-like deformity, hence the name wet bubble disease. However, at different stages of fruiting body development, the symptoms also differ. If infection occurs before the fruiting body differentiates, there is an irregular mass of tissue resembling a hard-skinned puffball, covered with white cottony mycelium, which gradually turns dark
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How to prevent and control green mold in edible mushrooms? A detailed introduction to practical methods
Green mold disease is a major enemy in edible mushroom cultivation. It is prone to occur in large amounts when raw materials are not fresh, raw material handling is improper, sterilization is incomplete, inoculation is not strict, and the spawning environment is not clean, especially combined with acidic, high-temperature, and high-humidity conditions. Its spores spread quickly through the air and reproduce rapidly. If prevention is inadequate or control is not timely, serious consequences will result. 1. Select fresh raw materials and auxiliary materials that have not been rained on and are not moldy. Raw material handling and fermentation sites must be clean and hygienic. 2. During cooked-material cultivation, sterilization standards must be met and sterilization must be thorough; during fermented cultivation
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Pest Control Methods for Edible Mushrooms in Autumn and Winter
Recently there have been many inquiries about pest problems in autumn-cultivated edible mushrooms. Field research has found that pest damage in edible mushrooms was relatively severe this autumn. Some mushroom sheds had almost become "pest sheds," and the pest damage triggered massive contamination by weed molds and serious diseases, causing heavy losses for mushroom growers. Today, based on the research findings, we have invited experts to explain the "prevention" and "treatment" of pests in autumn and winter to fellow mushroom growers, in order to reduce their losses. Types of pest outbreaks and their identification: 1. Mushroom gnats and mushroom flies: Autumn cultivation generally uses fermented substrate, such as oyster mushrooms, shaggy mane mushrooms, and button mushrooms. The smaller mushroom gnats, oyster mushroom eye gnats, mushroom eye gnats, spinous eye gnats, heterogeneous eye gnats, dung flies, phorid flies, fruit flies, and other adults lay eggs near the substrate. The adults and eggs themselves do not cause direct harm; when the temperature is between 16°C and 30°C, the eggs hatch into larvae in about 4 days. The larvae feed on mycelium or fruiting bodies, causing damage for about 7 to 18 days before pupating. The pupal stage generally lasts about 2 to 8 days, after which they emerge as adults. After emergence, adults can mate again on the same day or the next day, and can lay eggs on the day of mating. Generally, each mushroom gnat lays more than 10 eggs, with the maximum reaching 270 eggs. Mushroom gnat adults are relatively large, with most species having a body length of more than 3.5 mm, and the largest can exceed 6 mm. Larvae generally have a body length of about 5 mm, with the largest exceeding 16 mm. Mushroom flies are smaller in size, with the largest phorid fly adults having a body length of only about 1.5 mm, and larvae between 2 mm and 3 mm. However, fruit fly adults and their larvae can reach about 5 mm in body length, similar to mushroom gnats.
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