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Control Methods for Mango Sooty Mold and Algal Leaf Spot
(1) Mango sooty mold: 1. Symptoms: This disease mainly occurs on leaves and fruit. A layer of black fuzzy material covers the surface of leaves and fruit, resembling soot, hence the name sooty mold. In severe cases, the entire leaf and fruit are covered by mycelium (soot). This type of
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What are the control methods for mango scale insect pests?
This pest is distributed in Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi, and is a locally sporadic major pest, causing damage only in a few orchards. It can damage the branches, leaves and fruits of parts of the canopy, sucking the sap from their tissues, causing leaf drop and fruit drop, and in severe cases causing premature decline of the tree.
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What are the control methods for citrus flat-headed borer?
The citrus flat-headed borer (Agrilus auriventris) has one generation per year in the Chenggu area, overwintering as larvae of various instars inside the branches and trunks of citrus trees. In late March, the larvae bore into the xylem and begin to pupate; mid-to-late April is the peak pupation period, with the pupal stage lasting about 25 days. Early May is the peak emergence period for adults, and mid-May
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What are the control methods for the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis)?
[Morphological characteristics] The adult is 6-8 mm long with a wingspan of 16 mm, and the whole body is alternately dark black and yellow. The thorax has a total of 11 pairs of bristles, mostly yellowish-brown, including 2 pairs of scapular bristles, 2 pairs of dorsocentral bristles, 1 pair of presutural bristles, 2 pairs of postsutural bristles, 1 pair of mesopleural bristles, 1 pair of pteropleural bristles, 1 pair of prescutellar bristles, and 1 pair of scutellar bristles. The abdomen is oval, with 4 segments in males and 5 segments in females. The ovipositor is well developed, but its length is less than half of the abdomen, and the narrow posterior portion is shorter than the fifth abdominal segment. The egg is spindle-shaped, slightly pointed at one end, slightly curved, about 1 mm long and about 0.1 mm wide, milky white. Larva: the first-instar larva is 1.2-1.3 mm long, the second instar is 2.5-5.8 mm, and the third instar is 7.0-11 mm. The first-instar larva is semi-transparent, the second and third instars are milky white, and the mature larva after the third instar is orange-yellow. The body is conical, small and pointed at the front end, the mouth hooks are black, and the button-shaped structure on the inner side of the spiracular plate is relatively large and obvious. The pupa is oval, about 5 mm long and about 2.5 mm wide, light yellow.
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What are the control methods for citrus canker?
Citrus canker Xanthomonas citri (Hasse) Dowson is a bacterial disease that seriously damages citrus, and has been listed as a plant quarantine object at home and abroad. After plants are infected, the tree vigor weakens, and leaves and fruits drop easily; thus reducing yield and affecting fruit quality. Seedlings
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What are the control methods for citrus fruit flies?
The citrus fruit fly is a major pest harming citrus fruit. After the fruit is damaged, it softens, turns yellow, rots and drops. When the infestation is severe, it can cause the orchard to have no harvest at all. It can be seen year-round, with July to October as the peak period of damage, and there is no overwintering phenomenon. The female lays eggs in ripe
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What are the control methods for nutrient deficiency diseases in citrus
Zinc deficiency causes mottled leaf disease. Citrus mottled leaf disease is a common disease, with the typical symptom being mottled small leaves. When new leaves begin to turn green, the main veins and lateral veins appear markedly green, while the remaining tissue is light green to yellowish white and glossy. In severe cases, only the area near the main vein or thick lateral veins is green, and the new leaves are narrow and mottled, mostly upright, with short internodes and clustered branches. Mottled disease is caused by zinc deficiency. Many soils are deficient in zinc, such as soils formed from granite, gneiss, and serpentinite, which contain little zinc; acidic sandy soils lose zinc easily; in alkaline soils zinc readily forms insoluble compounds, thus causing zinc deficiency. In addition, soil that is too dry or too wet, low humus content or excessive application of organic matter, which hinders contact between roots and soil, as well as heavy pruning, all make zinc deficiency likely to occur. Foliar fertilization can achieve fairly good results in controlling zinc deficiency. It is advisable to spray 0.2%-0.3% zinc sulfate solution (with an equal amount of lime) once during the tender shoot stage, and spray 2-3 times for severe zinc deficiency.</p><p></p><p>Copper deficiency or boron deficiency causes dieback disease. In the early stage of copper deficiency in citrus, new shoots are long, soft, and slightly curved, the leaves are large and dark, and fruiting is low, so it is easily mistaken for excessive vigor. In severe cases, the tips of the shoots turn tea-brown and die, short weak clustered branches appear, and they dry out and drop early and gum exudes; when the branches mature, the wounds are reddish brown, and parts of the leaves are reddish brown. Citrus has a very small copper requirement, and ordinary spraying of Bordeaux mixture is already sufficient. However, copper deficiency is likely to occur in peat soil, acidic sandy soil, soil with high organic matter content, as well as on abandoned grazing land and abandoned cemetery land; excessive application of barnyard manure and phosphate fertilizer also causes copper deficiency; newly reclaimed citrus orchards that have not been sprayed with Bordeaux mixture or other copper preparations for several years are prone to copper deficiency. Boron deficiency in citrus: the growing points of buds die continuously, forming clustered buds; leaf veins swell, become corky or split; the fruit is small and deformed, with thick hard peel, and brown resin deposits are present in the fruit center and spongy layer. Boron is easily lost from acidic soil, hence boron deficiency. In soil parent materials such as granite, gneiss, and schist, boron content is extremely low; in alkaline soil its solubility is poor, so boron is also deficient. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer or lime, or soil drought, all affect the availability of boron and the absorption of boron by roots; sour orange has weak boron uptake, so citrus grafted onto sour orange rootstock is generally deficient in boron. For copper deficiency, Bordeaux mixture or other copper fertilizers can be sprayed. To supplement boron, soil application can be used, or 0.05%-0.1% boron fertilizer solution can be sprayed at the bud stage, flowering stage, and small fruit stage.</p>
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Integrated Control Methods for Anthracnose in Citrus Cultivation
After damage, it causes leaf spots, fruit drop, and branch dieback, weakening tree vigor and even killing the entire tree, greatly affecting citrus yield and tree vigor. In particular, the rainy and sunless conditions last autumn caused severe waterlogging in some citrus orchards, poor root growth, and weak tree vigor, which allowed the anthracnose pathogen
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Control Methods for the Mango Leaf Gall Midge Pest
This insect is distributed in production areas including Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan and Fujian, and is a frequently occurring major pest. It severely damages flush-stage leaves; each leaf may have several or a dozen galls, greatly affecting the quality of new flushes. Damaged leaves are left with numerous perforations, affecting
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Control methods for the mango shoot borer (Chlumetia transversa) pest and disease
(1) Damage Also called the shoot borer. It occurs commonly in mango-producing areas and is an important pest of mango. The larvae bore into and feed on young shoots and flower spikes; infested young shoots or flower spikes wither or grow weakly. (2) Morphological characteristics Adult body length 11mm, wingspan 23mm. The dorsal side of the body is dark brown, the ventral side grayish white
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