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How to Raise Chickens Under the Trees? A Full Breakdown of the Technical Implementation Plan
Raising chickens under the trees uses traditional chicken-raising methods combined with modern scientific feeding techniques, making full use of understory resources (insects) to raise chickens and obtain low-cost, environmentally friendly, green poultry products. Let's take a look at the technical implementation plan for raising chickens under the trees. 1. The woodland
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Construction Methods and Technical Key Points for Fragrance Pig Housing
The fragrance pig (English: fragrance pig) belongs to the order Artiodactyla, family Suidae, genus Sus, and is famous nationwide for its small body, early maturity, and fresh-tasting meat. The fragrance pig is also known as the mini pig. Among them, the Congjiang fragrance pig and Jianbai fragrance pig from the Qiandongnan region of Guizhou, which was awarded the title of "Hometown of Chinese Fragrance Pigs" by the national agricultural department, and the Bama fragrance pig from Guangxi near the Qiandongnan region of Guizhou are the most famous. There are also other breeds such as the Huanjiang fragrance pig and Tibetan fragrance pig, all of which belong to dwarf pig breeds. The fragrance pig has a short and small build. Its coat is black, with fine, glossy hair; a long head; a flat forehead; crisscross wrinkles on the forehead; an obvious hairless area around the eyes; thin ears extending flat to both sides; a slightly sunken back and waist; a large, round, drooping belly; short, thin legs; and a small, thin tail with white hair at the tip. At 6 months of age, male fragrance pigs have an average body weight of 14.2 kg, body length of 65 cm, body height of 33 cm, and chest circumference of 55 cm; at 8 months of age, female pigs weigh 30 kg, with a body length of 70 cm, body height of 47 cm, and chest circumference of 73 cm. The slaughter rate of fattened fragrance pigs is 63.6%, and the lean meat rate reaches 52.2%. <p>The fragrance pig (English: fragrance pig) belongs to the order Artiodactyla, family Suidae, genus Sus, and is famous nationwide for its small body, early maturity, and fresh-tasting meat. The fragrance pig is also known as the “mini pig”. Among them, the Congjiang fragrance pig and Jianbai fragrance pig from the Qiandongnan region of Guizhou, which was awarded the title of “Hometown of Chinese Fragrance Pigs” by the national agricultural department, and the Bama fragrance pig from Guangxi near the Qiandongnan region of Guizhou are the most famous. There are also other breeds such as the Huanjiang fragrance pig and Tibetan fragrance pig, all of which belong to dwarf pig breeds. The fragrance pig has a short and small build. Its coat is black, with fine, glossy hair; a long head; a flat forehead; crisscross wrinkles on the forehead; an obvious hairless area around the eyes; thin ears extending flat to both sides; a slightly sunken back and waist; a large, round, drooping belly; short, thin legs; and a small, thin tail with white hair at the tip. At 6 months of age, male fragrance pigs have an average body weight of 14.2 kg, body length of 65 cm, body height of 33 cm, and chest circumference of 55 cm; at 8 months of age, female pigs weigh 30 kg, with a body length of 70 cm, body height of 47 cm, and chest circumference of 73 cm. The slaughter rate of fattened fragrance pigs is 63.6%, and the lean meat rate reaches 52.2%.</p><p></p><p>Design and Construction of Fragrance Pig Housing </p><p>In the design and construction of fragrance pig housing, on the basis of complying with the process flow, regional differences must be considered. The emphasis in the design and construction of fragrance pig housing differs by region. For example, areas north of the Yellow River should focus on cold prevention and warmth retention, moisture prevention and dehumidification, while areas south of the Yellow River should focus on moisture prevention and heat insulation, and heatstroke prevention and cooling. </p><p>(1) Building forms of fragrance pig housing </p><p>① Single-row fragrance pig housing. Single-row fragrance pig housing is suitable for rural areas or small farms with a smaller breeding scale. Its characteristics are: low investment, good ventilation, convenient maintenance, and simple structure. The disadvantage is low labor efficiency. According to its building form, it can be further divided into open style and semi-open style. </p><p>Open style: Open-style fragrance pig housing is composed of gable walls on both sides, a rear wall, a roof, and supports. Its characteristics are: low investment and simple structure; the shortcoming is that it is greatly affected by natural conditions. According to its building form, the open style can be further divided into single-slope style and double-slope style. </p><p>Semi-open style: In addition to the gable walls on both sides, the rear wall, and the roof, the front wall of semi-open fragrance pig housing is mostly a half wall about 1 m high. In northern regions, in order to prevent cold, some are fitted with glass windows, while in southern regions windproof curtains are generally hung. In addition to the single-slope style and double-slope style, the building forms of semi-open fragrance pig housing also include bell tower style and arch style. </p><p>② Double-row fragrance pig housing. Double-row fragrance pig housing is suitable for larger-scale, collective, or large farms. Its characteristics are: convenient management, not limited by natural conditions, and able to effectively control the production environment and improve labor efficiency. The disadvantages are: relatively large investment and relatively complex structure. According to its building form, it can be further divided into windowed enclosed fragrance pig housing and fully enclosed fragrance pig housing. </p><p>Windowed enclosed fragrance pig housing: The so-called windowed enclosed fragrance pig housing is one with windows left in the front and rear walls for regulating indoor air and ventilation. It is suitable for lactating female fragrance pigs, weaned piglets and growing-finishing fragrance pigs, etc.</p><p>Its characteristics are: relatively convenient management, and good heat preservation performance, and house utilization rate. Fully enclosed fragrance pig housing: The so-called fully enclosed fragrance pig housing is one with no windows left in the front and rear walls, and ventilation openings installed on both gable walls, with exhaust fans installed on the ventilation openings. At the same time, heating, cooling, waste removal and other mechanical equipment are also installed inside the house to create an excellent living environment for the growth of the fragrance pig herd. The shortcoming is that the investment is relatively large, the structure is complex, and an adequate power supply is required. </p><p>(2) Cold prevention and warmth retention, and heatstroke prevention and heat insulation of fragrance pig housing. The heat preservation and heat insulation performance of fragrance pig housing mainly depends on the building materials and building structure of the fragrance pig housing. In northern China, the single-row fragrance pig housing rearing method should especially be adopted. In winter, the form of a solar greenhouse can be used, which is both economical and practical, with good heat preservation performance. </p><p>① Solar greenhouse fragrance pig housing. Solar greenhouse fragrance pig housing is mainly aimed at the part of the exercise yard exposed outside the house in single-row fragrance pig housing. In winter, especially in northern regions, the cold climate affects the normal growth and reproduction of fragrance pigs. For this reason, plastic film is set up and covered, thereby raising the temperature inside the house and achieving the purpose of increasing temperature and preserving warmth. The covered area is generally from the front pen wall to the roof in front of the rear house wall. </p><p>② Heat-insulated fragrance pig housing in summer. The heat source in summer comes from the sun's heat radiation. The main heat insulation measure is the treatment of the roof, such as adding a layer of glass fiber or other lightweight insulation materials such as wheat straw, chopped rice straw, and sawdust on top of the ceiling. At the same time, installing a suspended ceiling inside the house to add an air insulation layer can also achieve a good effect.</p><p>3. Internal equipment of fragrance pig housing </p><p>(1) Fragrance pig pens. Apart from open pens, partitions generally need to be set up in ordinary fragrance pig housing. The materials needed for the partitions can be obtained locally according to local conditions, to reduce production costs. The partitions for male fragrance pigs and fattening fragrance pigs should be built in the form of low walls to avoid mutual interference. For partitions used by other fragrance pig groups, the longitudinal partitions should be fixed fences, and the transverse partitions can be movable fences, so as to adjust the pen area. Depending on production needs, they can be used for single-pen rearing or group rearing. In large-scale farms, for ease of management, fragrance pig pens are generally divided relatively finely, including boar pens, empty and mating fragrance pig pens, pregnant female fragrance pig pens, farrowing female fragrance pig pens, piglet nursery pens and growing-finishing fragrance pig pens, etc. </p><p>① Boar and empty and mating fragrance pig pens. The layout of this kind of pig pen should consider facilitating fragrance pig mating and the full use of the fragrance pig housing. They are generally single-row fragrance pig housing and can be divided into front and rear rows, with a mating area in the middle. Their characteristic is that they can mutually induce estrus, making it convenient to discover and check estrous fragrance pigs. </p><p>② Pregnant female fragrance pig pens. There are many forms of pregnant female fragrance pig pens, and the rearing methods are also diverse. There are pens housing multiple fragrance pigs (2-5) in 1 pen, and there are also pens with 1 fragrance pig housed alone in 1 pen. Housing a pregnant female fragrance pig alone in 1 pen can avoid mutual biting and fighting, squeezing and collision, and competition for food between strong and weak among female fragrance pigs, reduce miscarriage of pregnant female fragrance pigs, and improve the survival rate of piglets. The pig pens are made of steel pipes or wood. Their disadvantages are high material consumption, large construction investment, restricted activity of female fragrance pigs, small amount of exercise, easy occurrence of leg and hoof diseases, and also shortening the service life of female fragrance pigs. </p><p>③ Farrowing female fragrance pig pens. The farrowing pen is divided into two parts: the farrowing frame and the farrowing bed. The farrowing frame is installed above the farrowing bed. The farrowing frame is 1 m long, 0.3 m wide, and 0.5 m high. The farrowing bed is 1 m long, 0.8 m wide, and 0.2 m high from the ground. The mesh at the bottom of the farrowing bed can be woven with iron wire with a mesh size of 0.5 sq cm. The middle part of the farrowing pen is the female fragrance pig restriction area, and the two sides are piglet activity areas. The front end of the restriction area is provided with a female fragrance pig feed trough and drinker, and the rear end should be equipped with a horizontal bar to prevent the female fragrance pig from backing up. At the same time, the piglet activity area should also be equipped with heat preservation devices, such as heat preservation boxes, infrared lamps, electric heating floors and other measures, and be provided with feed troughs and drinkers. </p><p>④ Piglet nursery pens. Newly weaned piglets have not yet fully developed various physiological functions and have poor adaptability, yet they are in a vigorous stage of growth and development. Therefore, they still need a nursery period to provide them with a clean and warm excellent environment. Nursery pens generally mostly use welded steel-bar net beds. A nursery pen is generally 1 m long and 0.8 m wide, with an area of about 0.8 sq m. The mesh size of the bottom net is generally preferably 0.5 sq cm. Such a nursery pen can raise about 10 weaned piglets. Feed troughs and drinkers are then installed at the front and rear. </p><p>⑤ Growing-finishing fragrance pig pens. The construction forms of growing-finishing fragrance pig pens are diverse. There are forms with relatively large investment such as aluminum alloy partition boards combined with cement floors and metal slatted floors; there are also forms with relatively convenient maintenance and disinfection such as metal partitions combined with cement floors and water-flush slatted floors; and there are also forms with relatively low investment but inconvenient maintenance such as cement partition boards combined with cement floors and cement slats. Different regions, especially the north and south, differ greatly, and the breeding scales are also not the same. According to local conditions, in line with the principle of spending less money, doing more, and doing things well, one can adapt to local conditions and choose a breeding model suitable for oneself.</p>
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Sharing Experience in Micro-Cage Culture of Yellow Catfish
Setting up micro-cages in ponds used for culturing other aquatic products to raise yellow catfish requires little investment, yields quick results, and is easy to operate. Cage setup. The cage is sewn from polyethylene netting, 2 m long, 2 m wide, and 1.2 m high, with a mesh size of 1 cm. The cage uses a closed stretcher floating-fixed type, with a 9-mesh net cloth as a cushion layer at the bottom; the cushion layer edge is 20 cm high to reduce feed loss, and the upper part of the cage rises about 30 cm above the water surface. A square plastic basket made of 18-mesh polyethylene window screen, 10 cm high and 30 cm on each side, is used as a feeding platform and placed in the middle of the cage body, one per cage. The cages are set at the water inlet of the fish pond, and 1-3 cages can be placed per mu of fish pond. The cages can also be set in open waters with fresh water quality, sufficient dissolved oxygen, shelter from wind and sun, and no pollution, arranged in a straight line, with a cage spacing of 4 m and a row spacing of about 10 m. Water hyacinth or alligator weed is transplanted inside the cage to cover about 2/3 of the cage area.</p><p></p><p>Fingerling stocking. The cages are put into the water 1-2 weeks before fingerling stocking. The fingerlings are required to be disease-free and injury-free, robust, and uniform in size. Stock 100-150 large-size fingerlings weighing about 20 g each per square meter.</p><p>Feeding management.</p><p>① Feeding: Common feeds include small miscellaneous fish, snail and clam meat, earthworms, silkworm pupae, livestock and poultry viscera, and animal blood, etc. Feed according to the principles of fixed time, fixed location, fixed quality, and fixed quantity to ensure the yellow catfish eat enough and eat well and grow quickly.</p><p>② Water management: Keep the water quality fresh and the dissolved oxygen sufficient. Observe the fish activity every day, check whether the cage is damaged, remove sick and dead fish from the cage, and keep the water body inside the cage clean. Clean the cage once a week to ensure normal exchange of water inside and outside the cage, and adjust the height of the cage in time when the water level changes.</p><p>Disease prevention and control. Soak the cage in bleaching powder solution for 30 minutes before it enters the water; soak the fish body in salt solution before the fingerlings enter the cage to kill pathogens and parasites on the body surface; splash quicklime water over the whole cage for disinfection once every 10-15 days; regularly hang bags of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture; about every 20 days, make medicated bait with antibiotics and feed continuously for 2-3 days. Through the above measures, fish diseases can be prevented during the culture cycle.</p>
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How to treat external injuries in farmed masked palm civets
Masked palm civets are often kept in groups, where fights and bites frequently occur, leading to external injuries. If external injuries are not discovered and treated in time, they will cause infection and suppuration. Clinical symptoms: (1) Fresh wounds show split skin and flesh, bleeding, pain, and dysfunction of tissues and organs; in severe cases,
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Three key points to note when using medication in meat duck farming
Currently, raising meat ducks in rural areas is quite profitable, because the meat duck raising cycle is short. However, it is also very common for farmers to abuse veterinary drugs and use medication unreasonably in order to prevent and treat meat duck diseases. The current medication issues in meat duck production are analyzed and summarized below. 1. Fully understand veterinary drugs
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Clever Methods and Tips for Raising Ducks with Light-Trapped Insects
The technique of raising ducks with light-trapped insects applies the principle that insects are phototactic, collecting insects in a water basin at night to feed ducks. Raising ducks with light-trapped insects can save 30%-40% of feed, correspondingly reducing duck-raising costs and improving duck-raising benefits. It can also draw the various mosquitoes and flies that bite pigs and cattle
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Cage Culture Methods and Technical Key Points for Sturgeon
The sturgeon series varieties have the characteristics of wide adaptability, fast growth, short culture cycle, good market prospects and high economic returns. Using cages to culture sturgeon is a very good intensive production method. Compared with pond culture of sturgeon, it has the following advantages: large water exchange volume
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How to farm rainbow trout? Cage culture technology using reservoir bottom water
From January 2005 to July 2006, we conducted a small-volume cage culture trial of rainbow trout using reservoir bottom water below the Zhangwu Reservoir power station in Anyang City, Henan Province, and achieved good results. The trial is summarized as follows: 1. Materials and methods 1. Water area where the cages were set
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Techniques for Using Biogas Residue and Biogas Slurry in Loach Farming
1. Site Selection and Pond Construction Choose a spot behind or in front of a house where the water source is reliable, drainage and irrigation are convenient, it is sheltered from the wind and faces the sun, and it is close to the outlet of a biogas digester. The size of the pond can be adapted to local conditions; generally, an area of 10-20 sq m is suitable, with a pond depth of 1.2 m. The pond walls should be built with lime or bricks, and the surface should be smoothed with cement. Special water inlet and outlet should also be built, with wire mesh fitted at the inlet and outlet to prevent the loaches from escaping. A shade shed should be built above ground, and an insect-attracting lamp should be installed.
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Detailed Explanation of Key Points for Wild Duck Cage-Bed (Net-Bed) Farming Technology
1. Selection of duck house: Choose a place with dry terrain, quiet surroundings, abundant water, good ventilation and lighting, and convenient transportation. Under the net frame inside the house, a semi-sloped cement floor can be laid to facilitate washing and cleaning of duck manure. The building area is determined by the scale of raising; for example, to raise 1000,
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