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How can small-scale backyard pig farmers do a good job of disinfection?
How can backyard farmers properly disinfect the farm site and pig pens? (1) After culling diseased pigs and pigs in the same group, the site must be cleaned and disinfected. (2) Before cleaning and disinfecting, protective clothing must be put on. (3) The manure in the pig pens should be completely removed, and pig manure scattered in the yard should be collected and treated by sealed pile fermentation or incineration. (4) When clearing piled poultry manure, water should be sprinkled on it, and manure dust must not be raised. (5) Thoroughly disinfect the site and poultry houses with disinfectants, and used personal protective items such as gloves, plastic bags and masks should be centrally destroyed. (6) Reusable items must be washed twice with detergent to ensure they are clean. (7) Soak the clothes worn during culling in hot water above 70°C for more than 10 minutes, then wash them with soapy water and dry them in the sun. (8) After handling contaminated materials, wash hands and take a shower. The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus has poor survival ability in the external environment. As long as disinfection measures are appropriate, commonly used disinfectants in pig production practice, such as aldehydes, chlorine-containing disinfectants, phenols, oxidants, alkalis, etc., can all kill the virus in the environment. Using the following disinfectants for the farm and housing environment gives relatively good disinfection results: (1) Aldehyde disinfectants: including formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, etc., among which fumigation disinfection with formaldehyde is the most commonly used. For enclosed pens, fumigation disinfection can be carried out by adding 7-21 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter and 14-42 milliliters of formalin. During fumigation disinfection, the room temperature generally should not be lower than 15°C, and the relative humidity should be 60%-80%. Potassium permanganate can first be added to the container, then formalin added. Close doors and windows for more than 7 hours to achieve the disinfection purpose, then open doors and windows for ventilation to eliminate residual odor. (2) Chlorine-containing disinfectants: including inorganic chlorine-containing disinfectants and organic chlorine-containing disinfectants. The disinfection effect depends on the content of available chlorine; the higher the content, the stronger the disinfection ability. A 5% bleaching powder solution can be used to spray animal pens, cages, feed troughs and vehicles for disinfection. (3) Alkaline preparations: mainly sodium hydroxide and quicklime, etc. Most sodium hydroxide preparations used for disinfection are crude alkali liquor containing 94% sodium hydroxide. When used, they are often heated and prepared into a 1%-2% aqueous solution, used for disinfection of poultry house floors, walls, exercise yards and contaminated materials polluted by the virus, and also used for disinfection of floors in slaughterhouses, food factories and transport vehicles and vessels. After spraying for 6-12 hours, rinse clean with clear water.
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What are the correct methods for introducing breeding bulls?
As the saying goes: A good cow benefits one calf, a good bull benefits a whole herd. Especially with the growing popularity of artificial insemination with frozen semen, the quality requirements for breeding bulls are getting higher and higher, and their importance to improving and upgrading the entire herd has become even greater. Therefore, for cattle farms, when going out to purchase
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How to Do a Good Job in Overwintering and Seed Stock Preservation for Tilapia in Earthen Pond Aquaculture
Tilapia, commonly known as: African crucian carp, non-crucian, Vietnamese fish, Nanyang crucian, etc. It originally referred to the fish species of the genus Oreochromis with Mozambique as the type locality: Mozambique mouthbrooder (scientific name: Oreochromis mossambicus). It is now the collective common name for several fish species of the genera Oreochromis and Sarotherodon in the family Cichlidae; in English they are collectively called Tilapia. It is now a freshwater aquaculture fish that is a key research and breeding target of the world's aquaculture industry, and is hailed as one of the main future sources of animal protein. It usually lives in freshwater, can also live in salt water with different salinity levels, and can also survive in shallow water in lakes, rivers, and ponds. It has strong adaptability, can reproduce even in small water areas, can even grow in rice fields, and has extremely strong adaptability to water with low dissolved oxygen. The vast majority of tilapia are omnivorous, often eating aquatic plants and debris.</p><p></p><p>There are many methods for overwintering and seed stock preservation of tilapia, but some are limited by resource conditions, with no hot springs or no warm drainage, and some have complex equipment and high investment. In order to explore a mass-oriented seed stock preservation method with low investment and simple equipment. Its main facilities and techniques are: </p><p>1. Construction of the overwintering pond: The tilapia overwintering pond should be built in a low-lying area that is sheltered from the wind and faces the sun, close to a river. In a place with solid soil, dig an earthen pond 4 m to 5 m long, 1 m to 2 m wide, and 2 m to 3 m deep. Water from the river channel can gradually seep into the earthen pond through the gaps in the soil layer, keeping the pond water fresh and the oxygen content sufficient. </p><p>2. Heat preservation facilities: Build a bamboo frame on the pond surface sloping toward the south, and cover the bamboo frame with two layers of plastic film, like a greenhouse for growing vegetable seedlings. The height between the pond surface and the film should be kept at about 0.1 m to 0.8 m; if the space is too large, it is not easy to keep warm. When the northwest wind blows, windbreak walls made of reeds or straw curtains should be made on the west and north sides of the overwintering pond. In frost and snow weather, straw curtains should be added over the film. If a cold wave invades and the temperature drops, 2 to 4 electric lights of 100 W to 200 W should be hung inside the plastic shed to raise the water temperature. In short, the pond water temperature should be kept at around 15°C to 16°C so that the fingerlings can safely pass the winter. </p><p>3. Putting fingerlings into the pond: Before the fingerlings are put into the pond, the overwintering pond should be filled with water and soaked for 3 days to 5 days to eliminate the effect of pollutants on the pond water. The time for putting fingerlings into the pond is generally in early November, and the water temperature should preferably be around 16°C; if too late, they are prone to cold damage. Before the fingerlings are put into the pond, they should be soaked in 4% salt water for 3 minutes to 5 minutes to disinfect the fish body and prevent infectious diseases. The density of fingerlings is 5 kg to 7.5 kg per cubic meter. </p><p>4. Overwintering management: During the entire overwintering period, specially assigned personnel should be on duty for management. At the same time, attention should be paid to changes in water temperature, changes in water quality, and the dynamics of the fish. </p><p>(1) Feeding: During the overwintering period, a small amount of feeding may be done, generally once every 10 days to 15 days, with the feeding amount at about 1% of the weight of the overwintering fingerlings, but when the water temperature exceeds 16°C, they can be fed once a day. Feed includes sugar dregs, rapeseed cake, etc. It should also be flexibly controlled according to the feeding situation so that the fish eat enough and eat well, in order to increase the overwintering survival rate and reduce losses.</p><p>(2) Lighting: Throughout the winter, as long as it is sunny, remove the straw curtains covering the heat preservation shed from 9:00 to 15:00 to let in light and raise the temperature. On snowy days, the snow on the frame should be swept off promptly to prevent the frame from being crushed and collapsing.</p><p>(3) Prevention and treatment of fish diseases: The overwintering period of tilapia is relatively long, and attention should be paid to observing whether there is fish disease. Once discovered, it should be treated promptly. During the overwintering period, saprolegniasis is the most common, mostly occurring after entering the pond and before leaving the pond. Saprolegniasis is a common disease caused by the attachment of fungi such as Saprolegnia and Pythium. With the naked eye, a grayish-white, soft, cotton-wool-like substance attached to the fish body can be observed. Injured fish bodies are highly susceptible to infection, and it occurs more frequently in winter and early spring. For treatment, alkaline green at a concentration of 0.1 mg to 0.2 mg/L or a copper sulfate solution at a concentration of 1 mg/L can be splashed over the whole pond, and it is effective. If pond oxygen deficiency occurs and fish gasp at the surface, more fresh water can be exchanged. </p>
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How to select good breeding stock for mink farming? Keep these precautions in mind
What is breeding stock selection? Breeding stock selection means choosing superior individuals to keep for breeding while culling inferior ones. How to select good breeding stock? 1. Choose a good breed. A good breed is the foundation for improving the mink's litter rate and survival rate. When introducing a breed, you must consider the breed's
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What are the ways to cultivate good water for fish keeping?
As the saying goes, to keep fish you must first cultivate the water. So, how do you cultivate good water? Everyone knows that tap water straight from the faucet is not suitable for keeping fish directly; you must first remove chlorine and increase oxygen, and for higher requirements, you also need to adjust the water's hardness and pH. We usually
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Traditional Chinese medicine gives good results in treating postpartum diseases of sows
In pig farming, postpartum diseases of sows occur frequently. The author has used the following proven prescriptions to treat pig diseases with good results, so it is worth a try. Sow not eating after farrowing: after a sow gives birth, she does not eat for several days and her milk yield is low. The following prescription is used for treatment, with ideal results.
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How to do a good job of daily management in field snail farming
1) Field snails breathe through gills in water, and field snails will die when the dissolved oxygen per liter of water is lower than 1.5 mg or when the water temperature exceeds 40°C. In hot seasons, increase the water flow rate to control the rise in water temperature and ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water body. It is strictly forbidden to let in water polluted by pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
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Seven Tips for Increasing Mink Farming Efficiency: A Guide to Boosting Your Farming Returns
1. Select good breeding mink. Choose and raise those whose fur is glossy, whose back and belly fur color is uniform, whose guard hairs are relatively short, whose guard hair tips and underfur are even, with high density, uniform distribution, soft fur, good strength, and guard hairs slightly longer than the underfur; sable must have no white guard hairs or white spots. Such mink fur is of good quality and has high commercial
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Freshwater pompano (piaractus brachypomus) performs well when raised on soybean meal-based feed
The American Soybean Association (ASA), in cooperation with the Nanjing Jiangpu County Aquatic Technology Extension Station, the Jiangpu Fish Breeding Farm, the Jiangsu Provincial Aquatic Technology Extension Station, and the National Extension Center for Aquatic Technology (NEC), carried out a 2-month pond trial on the culture of freshwater pompano. The aim was to demonstrate the use of US
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How to farm freshwater pomfret? Mastering these three points is key
Freshwater pomfret is a new species introduced in recent years from the United States, Hong Kong, China and other places. Because of its wide adaptability, omnivorous feeding habits, fast growth, strong disease resistance, few bones, no intermuscular spines, tender meat and good market demand, it is very popular among fishermen. Freshwater pomfret, shape
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