Can wheat be sown with seed and fertilizer applied together? Master these key points
Our country is one of the earliest countries in the world to cultivate wheat. The development of the wheat industry is directly related to national food security and social stability, and the quality of sowing is related to the level of yield. So, can wheat be sown with seed and fertilizer applied together?
1. Can wheat be sown with seed and fertilizer applied together?
Wheat can be sown with seed and fertilizer applied together, but the fertilizer must be spread while the seed is also being spread; they must not be mixed for sowing, and excellent varieties should be selected.
2. Precautions for sowing wheat with seed and fertilizer applied together
1. Select excellent varieties
Most current no-till seeders use wide row spacing and wide seedling bands, so try to choose wheat varieties with strong tillering ability and a high rate of earing. Before sowing, the seeds must be carefully selected and processed; the seed purity must be no less than 98%, the varietal purity no less than 97%, and the germination rate must reach 95% or more. After selecting the seeds, they should be treated by chemical seed dressing, seed soaking or coating, etc., to prevent pests and diseases.
2. Appropriate sowing rate
The sowing rate should be determined according to the characteristics of the selected variety, such as the tillering and earing rate and the seed germination rate. Whether the sowing rate is appropriate has a relatively large impact on yield, so a reasonable sowing rate must be determined according to different soil conditions and sowing times. Generally speaking, wheat sown with no-till seeding should have a sowing rate about 10% higher than traditionally cultivated wheat. During the suitable sowing period, large-eared varieties have relatively weaker tillering ability, and the sowing rate should be 10-12 kg; small-eared varieties have relatively stronger tillering ability, and the sowing rate should be 7-8 kg. The sowing rate of each row of the seeder must be consistent, and the seeds must be distributed evenly within the sowing width, with no missed sowing or repeated sowing.
3. Control sowing depth and pay attention to the pressing effect
The sowing depth should generally be controlled at about 3 cm; in sandy soil and arid areas, it should be appropriately increased by 1-2 cm. The depth must be consistent, and pressing must be firm. Inconsistent sowing depth or a poor pressing effect will directly affect the uniformity of wheat emergence and is not conducive to cultivating strong seedlings.
4. Pay attention to sowing at suitable soil moisture
Before sowing, the soil moisture must be checked to achieve sowing at suitable soil moisture. The suitable moisture content of loam is 18%-22%, and the suitable moisture content of sandy soil is 19%-20%; too wet or too dry is not suitable for sowing. Otherwise, it will not only affect the emergence effect, but also affect the early growth and development of wheat. After no-till sowing of wheat, do not immediately irrigate with water to cover the seed. First, this avoids thickening the covering soil, causing weak seedlings and reducing tillering ability; second, this avoids excessively low temperatures, which affect wheat tillering and root establishment before winter, resulting in an insufficient wheat population before winter and preventing strong seedlings from overwintering.
5. Pay attention to deep application of basal fertilizer
For no-till sown plots, chemical fertilizer should not be broadcast; it should be applied deeply during sowing. For basal fertilizer, granular compound fertilizer, blended fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer should be selected, with a sowing and application rate of about 35 kg per mu, and the fertilization depth should be 5 cm below and to the side of the seed, trying not to be in the same vertical plane as the seed. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonium bicarbonate must not be selected as basal fertilizer, the fertilization rate must not be too much, and the distance between seed and fertilizer must not be too small; otherwise, it is easy to cause “seed burning” or “seedling burning”. After the sowing operation is completed, be sure to clean the fertilizer box, fertilizer discharge pipes and fertilizer applicator thoroughly to prevent residual chemical fertilizer from damaging machine parts