The whole year's work depends on a good start in spring: a summary of key points for spring cultivation and management of pear trees
As the saying goes, the whole year's work depends on a good start in spring. Spring is very important for fruit trees. Spring is the time when pear trees sprout and bloom, and cultivation and management at this stage are very important. Let's take a look at how to carry out cultivation and management.
1. Fertilizer and water management
Apply sprouting fertilizer in mid-to-late February, mainly with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer. The application amount should account for 20-30% of the annual fertilization amount. Never apply “fertilizer in the planting hole”. According to soil moisture conditions, one thorough watering should be given before sprouting and flowering. If the soil is dry after flowering, another watering should be given to prevent leaves and young fruit from competing for water and to reduce fruit drop.
2. Flower thinning and fruit thinning
The specific method is: remove all flower buds in the inner ring of the inflorescence, and keep 3-4 plump and healthy flower buds on the outer part of the inflorescence. For the second flower thinning, at full bloom, among the remaining 3-4 flowers, select one well-developed flower to keep and remove the rest.
If the flower thinning work has not been done well, fruit thinning should be carried out promptly when the flower ovary enlarges and forms young fruit. The method is: thin out poorly developed deformed fruit and fruit damaged by pests and diseases, and in principle keep only one fruit. Keep one fruit every 10 cm.
3. Protecting flowers and fruit
At the flower bud stage, in combination with foliar topdressing, spray 3%0 borax fertilizer once. When two-thirds of the flowers have opened, in combination with foliar topdressing again, spray 3%0 borax fertilizer once.
4. Bud removal, shoot control, and branch bending
The “water sprout branches” growing on the trunk and side branches should be removed promptly to reduce nutrient consumption. For vigorously growing new shoots, measures such as twisting and pinching should be taken to control tree vigor. The specific method is: when the new shoot is semi-lignified, artificially twist the vigorous shoot at one-third of its length. Pinching: remove the tip above the upper three leaves of the new shoot. For branch bending, bend from the middle-lower part of upright branches, with an angle not exceeding 45 degrees.
5. Pest and disease control
1. Spray once before the pear tree flower buds break, using 3-5 degrees Baume lime sulfur mixture.
2. Main diseases
(1) Pear rust: Symptoms: in the early stage of the disease, small yellow spots appear on the leaf surface. When the disease is more severe, brown irregular spots appear, with black mycelium. Disease period: March to July.
(2) Brown spot disease: Symptoms: in the early stage of the disease, small yellow spots appear on the leaf surface. When the disease is more severe, dark brown irregular lesions appear, with black powdery matter. Disease period: March to July. Control method: spray leaves with 1000-fold mancozeb solution.
(3) Black spot disease: Symptoms: in the early stage of the disease, small yellow spots appear on the leaf surface. When the disease is more severe, dark brown lesions appear, with black mycelium. Disease period: April to July.
3. Main pests:
(1) Aphids: mainly damage new shoots and tender leaves, causing leaf chlorosis. Control method: use beta-cypermethrin plus spirotetramat, and imidacloprid alternately for foliar spraying.
(2) Pear stem sawfly: mainly damages tender shoots, knocking off the tips of tender shoots. Control method: spray leaves with beta-cypermethrin. (3) Pear gall midge: mainly damages tender leaves, rolling the leaves into tubes, and when the damage is severe, causing a large amount of leaf drop. Control method: spray leaves with 800-1000-fold cypermethrin solution.