What are the high-yield cultivation techniques for sowing potatoes in spring? Doing these 4 things well is very important!
Potatoes are a vegetable we commonly eat in daily life, and they are distributed all over the country. However, as the planting area has increased, many farmers have experienced low yields, seriously affecting farmers' income. Now spring is exactly the time for sowing potatoes, so do you know what high-yield potato cultivation techniques there are? Doing these 4 things well is very important!
1. Seed potato quality in high-yield potato cultivation techniques
At present, few people planting potatoes nationwide use virus-free seed potatoes, which leads to a high incidence of viral diseases during potato cultivation, and once the disease occurs, it is difficult to cure, causing reduced yield. In addition, using potatoes grown for many years as seed without introducing new seed causes continuous degeneration of seed potatoes, and also easily leads to disease occurrence, resulting in low yield.
Solution: When selecting seed potatoes, try to choose virus-free seed potatoes, and it must be strictly standardized; it is not advisable to use potatoes grown for years as seed.
2. Fertilization in high-yield potato cultivation techniques
In order to save planting costs, many farmers apply only chemical fertilizers when fertilizing and rarely apply organic fertilizer or farmyard manure, and the amount of fertilizer applied is also seriously insufficient, causing potatoes to lack nutrients during growth and fail to grow normally, which leads to low yield.
Solution: When fertilizing, the amount must be sufficient. Generally, the fertilization rate is 250-400 kg per hectare. Also, when fertilizing, try to choose farmyard manure and organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer to ensure the nutrients needed for potato growth.
3. Temperature in high-yield potato cultivation techniques
Potatoes have certain temperature requirements during germination, growth, and tuber formation. During germination, the temperature must be kept at 7-12 degrees. During the planting and growth stage, the most suitable temperature for growth is 18-22 degrees. Once the temperature exceeds 35 degrees or falls below 7 degrees, growth will stop. When the temperature is below minus 3 degrees, the plants will freeze to death. During tuber formation, the most suitable temperature is 16-20 degrees. When the day-night temperature difference is large, nutrient consumption is reduced and yield can be increased to a certain extent. However, if the nighttime temperature is higher than 25 degrees, growth will stop, causing reduced yield.
Solution: Therefore, the temperature for potato growth must be followed, and the temperature must not be too high or too low. During tuber formation, if the day-night temperature difference is small, greenhouse technology can be used to increase the temperature difference. Seal the greenhouse during the day to increase the indoor temperature, and strengthen ventilation at night to lower the indoor temperature.
4. Pests and diseases in high-yield potato cultivation techniques
Pests and diseases have an enormous impact on the quality and yield of potatoes. According to survey data, using pesticides to prevent diseases increased yield by 34.7% compared with no disease prevention, which shows the harm of pests and diseases to potato yield. In addition, when planting in mountainous areas, damage from the 28-spotted ladybird is relatively serious, and during the weed outbreak period, weeds compete with plant growth for nutrients. In addition, rodent damage should not be underestimated for potato yield.
Solution: When planting, pest and disease control work must not be neglected. Strengthen daily management, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, improve plant disease resistance, and deal with pests and diseases promptly when found, applying the right treatment.
If potato planting is to achieve high yield, in addition to natural factors, it also depends on careful human planting and management to obtain better economic benefits.