How much is Fritillaria per jin in 2020? High-yield cultivation techniques explained
Fritillaria, as a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Fritillaria in the lily family, has bulbs that can be used medicinally and is named for its shape. Sowhat was the price of Fritillaria per jin in 2020? What are the high-yield cultivation techniques?
1. How much was Fritillaria per jin in 2020
As of March 16, the price of Xinjiang-produced cultivated large-size whole Fritillaria at the Bozhou medicine market was 20 yuan per jin, the price of Xinjiang-produced cultivated large-size whole Fritillaria at the Anguo market was 22.5 yuan per jin, and the price of whole Fritillaria produced in Huocheng County, Xinjiang Uygur was 31 yuan per jin. The above are all reference prices; the specific price shall be based on the actual local selling price.
2. High-yield cultivation techniques for Fritillaria
1. Site selection and land preparation
Fritillaria is a perennial plant. Because the cultivation cycle of Fritillaria is relatively long, site selection is one of the keys to cultivation. In the soil, nutrients are supplied by the renewal of the bulbs and most of the fibrous roots. Under conditions of high-density planting, soil fertility is consumed heavily.
When planting Fritillaria, choose humus soil or sandy loam with deep soil layers, loose texture, and good drainage. Never use saline-alkali land or heavy clay soil. It is best to be close to a water source to facilitate irrigation. Deeply plow the soil 25CM, level and harrow it fine, and make beds 1.2 meters wide and 15CM high, leaving the ditches on both sides of the beds for drainage. Combined with land preparation, apply sufficient base fertilizer: 3000-4000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 40 kg of superphosphate per mu. The middle of the bed can be slightly higher and the two sides slightly lower to prevent water accumulation on the bed surface during the rainy season.
2. Sowing
Fritillaria is mostly sown in drills. When sowing, first apply 3CM of farmyard manure in the furrow, then place 3CM of fine soil, then put the selected bulbs into the fine soil, level the fine soil, and finally cover the top with 2CM of decomposed farmyard manure as a top-covering fertilizer.
3. Field management
Cultivation and weeding: In the field, weeds should be pulled as soon as they appear to prevent weeds from competing for water and fertilizer. The depth of weeding should be based on not damaging the bulbs. Weed 2-3 times in total during the growing period and the withering period. Before emergence, use 0.15 kg of 50% atrazine per mu, diluted with 200 kg of water, to treat the soil, which can control many annual broadleaf or grass weeds.
Water management: Fritillaria is an early-spring plant. If drought occurs in spring, irrigate 1-2 times. Irrigation should soak through, and loosen the soil to prevent soil compaction. After entering the rainy season, maintain good field drainage to prevent bulb rot.
Topdressing: The growth period of Fritillaria is relatively short, so quick-acting fertilizer should be applied as topdressing. Carry out the first topdressing before the leaves unfold, applying 10 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu. Early to mid-May is the peak growth season of Fritillaria ussuriensis, when superphosphate and diammonium phosphate can be applied as topdressing; after fertilizing, water, and loosen the soil promptly once the water has seeped down. In mid-September, spread 2-3CM thick barnyard manure on the bed surface. After withering each winter, apply decomposed farmyard manure as topdressing. For planting Fritillaria, decomposed pig manure is best; avoid alkaline fertilizers such as kang-hole soil and firewood ash. Apply top-covering manure 2 times each year. The first time is before freezing, and the farmyard manure applied should be easily crumbled and spread evenly on the bed surface about 3CM thick; the second time is after entering summer dormancy in early summer, apply top-covering fertilizer. Note that top-covering fertilizer should also be applied once after sowing.
4. Removing flower buds
After Fritillaria buds appear, if seeds are not to be kept, all should be removed in time. If seeds are to be kept, buds can be thinned appropriately, generally keeping 1-2 flowers per plant. Fritillaria uses its bulbs as medicine, and removing flower buds can effectively reduce the waste of nutrients, which is beneficial for increasing the yield of Fritillaria ussuriensis and the accumulation of active substances. In Fritillaria fields not harvested for seeds, remove the flower buds promptly at the budding stage; the earlier the buds are removed, the better.
5. Shading
Fritillaria prefers a cool and humid climate. In early June, when the temperature reaches 20°C, the aboveground part of the plant has already died, and then the underground bulbs become active. During this period, the bulbs must complete the formation of renewal buds, differentiation of flower buds, differentiation of axillary bud primordia, and further differentiation and growth of daughter bulbs under cool and humid conditions. Therefore, shade crops should be planted in time or shade nets should be set up to meet the suitable ecological conditions required for a series of differentiations in Fritillaria bulbs.
Shading can prevent the ground temperature from rising and weeds from growing densely, and increase the multiple cropping index of the field. Before the aboveground plants wither, corn or beans can be planted on both sides of the beds. Shade crops can be sown in drills or in holes, and sowing should not be too dense or too deep.
Fritillaria is a traditional Chinese medicinal material in China, and artificial cultivation has high economic benefits. Growers who are interested must understand the local natural conditions before planting, so as to avoid blind planting that leads to losses.