Technical Guidance on High-Yield Cultivation of Spring-Sown Soybeans in Northeast China

Soybean is a widely grown legume in the north, and the beans it produces can not only be used to make soy milk, tofu, fermented tofu and more, but can also be used as seed. Right now, the spring soybean sowing stage is underway in Northeast China, and many people have started preparing seedbeds and selecting seed, but achieving high soybean yields is a skilled task, so how do you grow spring-sown soybeans in Northeast China for high yield?

I. Introduction to Soybean:

1. Is soybean the same as yellow soybean?

Soybean is yellow soybean. Soybean is an annual herb of the phylum Angiosperms, class Dicotyledons, family Fabaceae, genus Glycine, about 30-90 cm tall, with thick, upright stems densely covered with long brown stiff hairs. Soybean originated in China, is cultivated throughout China, and is also widely cultivated around the world.

2. Where is soybean suitable for planting?

Soybean is commonly planted throughout China, and is produced in North China, Northeast China, Shaanxi, Sichuan and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, with more cultivation in the Yangtze River basin and the southwest, while Northeast soybean is of superior quality. Soybean, commonly known as yellow soybean, is an annual herb of the class Dicotyledons, family Fabaceae, genus Glycine, about 30-90 cm tall.

II. How do you grow spring-sown soybeans in Northeast China for high yield?

1. Prepare the soil at the right time to lay a solid sowing foundation

For plots already prepared in autumn and formed into ridges, press and compact them promptly in early spring as the frost leaves to increase soil moisture; for plots already plowed, harrowed and leveled, once the thaw reaches ridge-forming depth, promptly form ridges and press them as the frost leaves; for plots plowed but not harrowed, seize the soil moisture and prepare the soil as the frost leaves, carrying out harrowing, ridge forming and pressing in one continuous operation. For plots not prepared in autumn, if there is drought or if there is a basis of deep plowing and deep loosening from the previous year, no-till sowing should be adopted; for other plots, it is recommended to carry out ridge deep loosening and stubble clearing before sowing, and sow as the soil is prepared.

2. Select seed scientifically and handle the seed well

According to the sowing period, effective accumulated temperature and planting method, select approved soybean varieties that are high quality, high yielding and stress resistant, and avoid planting beyond the suitable zone. For plots where soil moisture cannot be drained in time, early-maturing varieties can be selected according to local conditions based on the delayed sowing period. Seed purity should be greater than 98%, moisture content less than 13.5%, and germination rate greater than 85%. Before sowing, carry out a germination test and, based on the occurrence of pests and diseases in the previous crop plot, select soybean seed coating agents that have obtained national pesticide registration and carry out standard coating.

3. Sow while seizing soil moisture to improve sowing quality

According to soil temperature and moisture, carry out timely precision mechanical sowing at suitable moisture. For plots with poor soil moisture, open deep furrows, cover with shallow soil and press heavily, and sow early while seizing moisture at the right time; for plots with excessive soil moisture, focus on raising ground temperature and opening furrows for drainage, sow at the proper time, improve sowing quality, and ensure full, uniform and even seedlings from a single sowing to lay the foundation for a bumper harvest. According to the selected variety, ecological conditions, soil conditions and agricultural machinery, choose a suitable cultivation method; for unprepared plots, no-till planting is recommended; in the central and southern parts of Northeast China, the “double-row precision sowing on ridges” cultivation model can be chosen; in the northern part of Northeast China, promote the “three-row dense planting on large ridges” cultivation model; in the western region, the “water-sitting sowing” or drip irrigation under film model is recommended.

4. Fertilize rationally to promote reduced use and increased efficiency

Adhere to scientific fertilization, adopt soil testing and formula fertilization, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in a certain proportion. Adopt side-deep fertilization and layered application; apply 70% of the chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer at a depth of 10-15 cm below the seed; apply the remaining 30% of the chemical fertilizer as seed fertilizer at a depth of 4-5 cm below the seed. Encourage the application of farmyard manure in combination with soil preparation.

5. Apply pesticides precisely and control weeds scientifically

According to the local occurrence of weeds, choose highly effective and low-toxicity herbicides in a targeted manner. To facilitate crop rotation, it is recommended not to apply long-residual herbicides such as imazethapyr, chlorimuron-ethyl, fomesafen, flumetsulam and clomazone. During operation, avoid repeated spraying and missed spraying to prevent pesticide damage and effects on the planting of the following crop.

In general, when planting spring-sown soybeans in Northeast China, to achieve high yield you need to select good seed, plow the soil well, and after planting carry out management techniques such as rational fertilization and precise pesticide application for weed control.>>Recommended reading:  What is China's current soybean yield per mu? Will soybean prices rise in 2020?