What is organic fertilizer? What is its production method?
As people's living standards improve and health awareness grows, the market demand for green and healthy food has shown an upward trend year by year, and the use of organic fertilizer has become increasingly widespread. So, what is organic fertilizer? What is its production method?
1. What is organic fertilizer?
Organic fertilizer is a type of farmyard manure, mainly derived from plants and animals, processed from biological materials, animal and plant waste, and plant residues. It eliminates toxic and harmful substances and is rich in a large amount of beneficial substances. It not only provides comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has a long-lasting fertilizing effect. It can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil, and is the main nutrient for green food production.
2. What is the production method of organic fertilizer?
1. Fermentation ripening and composting method
(1) Raw material preparation
According to the formula of 8% sugars, 50% water, 0.5% yeast powder, 14.5% rice bran, 14% oil cake, and 13% soybean meal, first add the sugars to the water, stir to dissolve, then add the rice bran, oil cake, and soybean meal. After thorough stirring and mixing, pile it up and ferment at a temperature above 60°C for 30~50 days. Then mix and dilute with black charcoal powder at a weight ratio of 1:1, and stir carefully and evenly to complete.
(2) Compost fermentation
First air-dry the manure to a moisture content of 30%~40%, mix it with chopped straw and other bulky materials at a weight ratio of 10:1, add 1 kg of ripening powder per 100 kg of mixed fertilizer, mix thoroughly and evenly, then pile it in a composting shed into a fertilizer pile 1.5~2 m high for fermentation and decomposition.
(3) Turning and mixing
After piling for 10 days, carry out the first turning and mixing; after another 10 days, carry out the second turning and mixing; after another 10 days, carry out the final turning and mixing. At this time, the temperature is 30°C and the moisture content is about 30%, and it can be left to after-ripen. After about 10 days, production is complete.
2. EM composting method
(1) Buy EM stock solution. Then prepare a liquid according to the formula of 100 ml clean water, 20--40 g honey or brown sugar, 100 ml M, 100 ml shochu, and 50 ml EM stock solution.
(2) Air-dry human and livestock manure to a moisture content of 30%~40%.
(3) Take straw, corn stalks, green grass, etc., and cut them into pieces 1.5 cm long. Add a small amount of rice bran and mix evenly to serve as the bulky material during composting.
(4) Mix and stir the straw and other bulky materials with manure at a weight ratio of 10:100, and spread them on a cement floor into a fertilizer pile about 6 m long, about 1.5 m wide, and 20~30 cm thick.
(5) Thinly sprinkle a layer of rice bran or wheat bran, etc., on the fertilizer pile, then spray on the prepared EM liquid, spraying 1000~1500 ml per 1000 kg of fertilizer.
(6) In the same way, spread a second layer on top. After each fertilizer pile has 3-5 layers, cover it well with plastic film for fermentation. When the temperature inside the fertilizer pile rises to 45°C~50°C, turn it once. Generally, it needs to be turned 3~4 times to complete. After completion, the fertilizer generally has many white mold threads and a special fragrance, and then it can be applied. In summer, it can be processed well in 7~15 days; in spring, it takes 15~25 days; in winter, it takes even longer.
There are many piling and retting methods for the harmless treatment of organic fertilizer. In addition to the two introduced above, you can also consult professional institutions for more methods.
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