How to prevent and mitigate disasters in crop farming in June? Zhejiang Province officially releases technical measures

According to information from the Zhejiang Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Zhejiang Province entered the plum rain season on May 29. In most years, the plum rain period generally lasts 20-25 days. June is expected to have many rainfall events, with the main severe weather being heavy rain and torrential rain. So, how should crop farming in June implement disaster prevention and mitigation technical measures? Zhejiang Province has provided official guidance!

I. Rice

Currently, early rice in Zhejiang Province is at the young panicle differentiation stage and is about to enter the heading and flowering stage; single-cropping late rice is at the seedling raising and transplanting stage, and some early-sown and early-transplanted fields have entered the tillering stage. Continuous or heavy rainfall during the flood season can easily delay the rice transplanting season, and at the same time cause problems such as missing seedlings and lodged seedlings in the field, loss of chemical fertilizers, and prolonged water accumulation in the field or excessively deep water layers that hinder rice root growth. All of these are unfavorable to optimizing the rice population structure and vigorous individual growth.

1. Drain water promptly to expose seedlings. Open level-water gaps in the field to prevent excessively deep water accumulation; after heavy rainfall, promptly drain shallow field water. On cloudy and rainy days, the water can be drained completely in one go; under high temperature and strong sunlight, drain gradually and slowly, retaining an appropriate water layer.

2. Promptly inspect seedlings and fill gaps. Affected by torrential rain, rice seedlings in paddy fields may be severely submerged or washed away. While doing a good job of reporting losses to agricultural insurance, promptly repair and level the paddy fields and replant in time. For fields with missing or lodged seedlings caused by heavy rainfall, transplanted fields should promptly be evened out and the seedlings straightened, debris and mud on the seedlings cleaned off, and gaps replanted. For single-cropping late rice not yet transplanted, seize clear weather to transplant as early as possible. Using side-deep fertilization technology with mechanical transplanting can reduce fertilizer loss during plum rain weather.

3. Apply supplemental fertilizer by seedling category. After submergence, paddy field fertilizer loss is relatively large. About 3-5 days after the water recedes, single-cropping late rice fields should combine tillering fertilizer and apply an additional 3-5 kg of urea per mu or 12.5-15 kg of high-concentration compound fertilizer. This enhances plant resistance and accelerates recovery growth. Early rice can combine panicle fertilizer with 4 to 5 kg of urea per mu as topdressing.

4. Pay attention to the control of diseases, insects, and weeds. During the plum rain season, promptly seize clear weather to carry out chemical weeding, especially in direct-seeded single-cropping late rice fields; during the plum flood season, early rice fields have relatively large populations and high humidity, so great attention should be paid to the prevention and control of sheath blight.

II. Rapeseed and upland grains

At present, some rapeseed and wheat have not yet been harvested, so seize clear weather to harvest them promptly. Mature corn should also be harvested in time; spring soybean is at the pod-filling stage, so open furrows to drain accumulated water. A warm and humid environment helps the occurrence of soybean anthracnose, affecting soybean quality, so promptly use prochloraz, thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, etc. for control; summer soybean and sweet potato are at the sowing stage. Rainy days help emergence, but water should be drained promptly to prevent flooding.

III. Vegetables

1. Promptly clear ditches and drain water. Do a good job of clearing ditches and dredging channels, keep ditches and channels unobstructed, promptly remove accumulated water from the field, and prevent waterlogging damage. When field water accumulation is severe during torrential rain, use pumps to drain water urgently to ensure safe passage through the flood season.

2. Harvest near-mature melons and vegetables early. Harvest vegetables in fields prone to flooding and varieties not tolerant of waterlogging as soon as possible to reduce disaster losses. Fast-growing leafy vegetables such as amaranth and Mao Mao greens should be harvested in time according to market conditions to supply the market.

3. Strengthen the management of vegetables still in the field. After the disaster, promptly straighten plants, remove damaged branches and diseased leaves, spray foliar fertilizer, and extend the harvest period; use greenhouse facilities for rain-shelter cultivation to avoid direct washing by torrential rain and field water accumulation, prevent excessive soil moisture, and where conditions permit, combine with insect-proof nets to effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

4. Promptly clean the field. After crop rotation, clean the field promptly, and carry out measures such as removing film and opening sheds to let in rain, irrigating and fallowing, high-temperature shed sealing, or soil disinfection to reduce soil continuous cropping obstacles; plant residues and water bamboo straw, etc. should undergo harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization. Measures such as fermentation composting, appropriate return to the field, and mulching beds in dryland gardens can be adopted according to local conditions to reduce the source of diseases and insects and prevent decay from polluting the environment.

5. Promptly prevent and control diseases and insect pests. Diseases are mainly powdery mildew, downy mildew, anthracnose, leaf spot, bacterial angular leaf spot, bacterial soft rot, sclerotinia, etc.; insect pests are mainly aphids, bean pod borers, bean webworms, snails, striped flea beetles, cabbage leaf beetles, diamondback moths, etc. According to different varieties and degrees of damage, choose safe and targeted pesticides and apply them in clear weather, pay attention to rotating pesticides and reasonable combinations, and strictly implement the pesticide pre-harvest interval. At the same time, in combination with disease and pest control, carry out foliar fertilization and growth regulation to promote crop recovery, such as spraying 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, brassinolide, etc., to improve plant stress resistance and disease resistance and extend the harvest period.

6. Reasonably arrange the next crop of production. Using intervals when the rain stops, sow heat-tolerant fast-growing varieties such as Mao Mao greens and amaranth in batches and stages. Arrange the next crop of vegetable production as early as possible. Autumn vegetables such as loose-curd cauliflower, cauliflower, and cabbage should be sown at the appropriate time, using greenhouse facilities equipped with shade nets for seedling raising. For autumn cowpea, green beans, etc. directly sown in the open field, add straw or shade nets, etc., to prevent rainwater from washing and causing soil compaction and improve the seedling survival rate.

IV. Fruit

1. During the plum rain season, do a good job of harvesting mature fruits such as Chinese bayberry. Next month is the ripening season for fruits such as Chinese bayberry, blueberry, and early-maturing peach, and it also enters the plum rain season. Industry departments should strengthen technical guidance for the picking, storage, and transportation of open-field fruits such as Chinese bayberry, guide fruit growers to master the harvest timing, seize fine weather, and harvest by grade in time.

2. During the high-temperature period, do a good job of ventilation for facility-cultivated fruits. Next month the temperature will continue to rise. When the weather is fine, promptly remove film from greenhouses for ventilation, extend ventilation time, and prevent excessively high temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse from harming fruits.

3. During the high-temperature and drought period, do a good job of disease and pest control for all kinds of fruits. Summer high temperature and drought are a period of high incidence of diseases and pests for all kinds of fruits, so do a good job of monitoring and controlling diseases and pests for all kinds of fruits. At the same time, pay attention to water supply. When temperatures are low in the morning and evening, irrigate or spray water throughout the orchard according to orchard conditions to ensure water supply for fruit trees during the summer high-temperature period.

V. Chinese medicinal herbs

1. Open ditches to reduce waterlogging, remove accumulated water, and lower the groundwater level. Promptly clean field ditch systems or channels, dredge drainage channels, ensure smooth drainage of field ditch systems, promptly remove accumulated water from the field, lower the groundwater level, prevent oxygen deprivation and root rot, and promote root growth of Chinese medicinal herbs.

2. Strengthen ventilation and shading management. Chinese medicinal herbs cultivated in greenhouses or overwintering indoors in summer should promptly be ventilated to reduce humidity, and shaded and cooled after rain followed by sudden clearing to prevent Chinese medicinal herbs from losing water, wilting, and dying.

3. After rain and clearing, promptly apply foliar topdressing. Heavy rain washing can cause soil nutrient loss and poor plant growth, etc. In combination with disease and pest prevention and control, use foliar topdressing to promptly and appropriately supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and other compound trace fertilizers, supplement plant nutrients, and restore growth as quickly as possible. You can use 0.2% water-soluble trace fertilizer (rich in multiple elements such as magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, and copper), or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus amino acid foliar fertilizer for foliar spraying to promote recovery growth of Chinese medicinal herbs.

4. Promptly harvest or replant. If Chinese medicinal herb planting plots are flooded and the Chinese medicinal herbs are damaged, for damaged Chinese medicinal herbs that still have market value, actively harvest them to reduce losses. For severely damaged Chinese medicinal herbs whose root systems have already died, promptly clean the field and promptly arrange reseeding or replanting work.

5. Effectively pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests of Chinese medicinal herbs after disasters. After heavy rain, field water accumulation may occur, or soil water content may become saturated, Chinese medicinal herb growth weakens, and after temperatures rise rapidly, this is conducive to the occurrence and spread of various diseases and pests of Chinese medicinal herbs. It can very easily cause diseases and pests such as Fusarium wilt, root rot, downy mildew, anthracnose, and Phytophthora blight. According to different varieties and degrees of damage, promptly spray fungicides and insecticides. Apply pesticides in clear weather, choose safe and targeted agents for control, pay attention to rotating pesticides, and ensure the safe production of Chinese medicinal herbs.

VI. Flowers

1. Clear drainage and lower the groundwater level. Promptly clean weeds and debris from ditches around greenhouses, dredge drainage channels and drainage ditches inside greenhouses, and ensure smooth drainage; for waterlogged plots, promptly pump water to remove accumulated water from the field, lower the groundwater level, prevent oxygen deprivation and root rot, and promote plant recovery growth.

2. Strengthen cultivation management such as rain protection, ventilation, and shading. Strengthen greenhouse ventilation and dehumidification work. During rainfall, greenhouses should promptly close top ventilation; after rain stops, promptly open top ventilation. If ventilation equipment such as internal circulation fans is used, when the weather begins to clear, use shade nets for short-term shading to prevent permanent wilting caused by physiological dehydration after waterlogging before the root system has recovered. Do a good job of cultivation management. For example, for Gerbera jamesonii and Strelitzia reginae, promptly clean diseased leaves and old leaves to improve light transmission and ventilation conditions; after harvesting cut lily flowers, promptly dig up and collect bulbs.

3. After rain and clearing, promptly apply foliar topdressing. Heavy rain washing can cause soil nutrient loss and poor plant growth, etc. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers should be added, and in combination with disease and pest prevention and control, foliar fertilizer should be added when spraying pesticides. Foliar topdressing with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and other compound trace fertilizers supplements plant nutrients. For example, you can use 0.2% water-soluble trace fertilizer (multiple elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, and copper), or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus amino acid foliar fertilizer for foliar spraying to promote plant recovery growth.

4. Do a good job of preventing and controlling diseases and pests of flowers after disasters. After continuous rainfall, when the weather clears and temperatures rise rapidly, this is conducive to the occurrence and spread of various diseases and pests, and can very easily cause various diseases, such as chrysanthemum brown spot and rust, Gerbera jamesonii whitefly, leafminer, and root rot, lily Phytophthora blight and gray mold, and Strelitzia reginae bacterial soft rot, etc., seriously affecting flower growth. According to different flower varieties, pest and disease types, and degrees of damage, promptly spray fungicides and insecticides. Apply pesticides in the sunny afternoon, choose high-efficiency, safe, and low-toxicity agents for control, and pay attention to rotating pesticides.