Production Technical Guidance for Summer Corn and Summer Soybean in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region in 2020 Released
It is now a critical period for agricultural production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and how to plant summer corn and summer soybean is also of great concern to farmers. In response, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs released the 2020 production technical guidance for summer soybean and summer corn in the Huang-Huai-Hai region! Friends in need, remember to save it!
Corn Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center
The Huang-Huai-Hai region is one of China's advantageous production areas for summer-sown corn, with a perennial summer corn planting area of about 200 million mu. At present, winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai region is maturing and being harvested successively from south to north, and summer corn is about to be sown in a race against time. In view of this year's natural resource conditions and resource endowments in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the Corn Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, formulated the 2020 production technical guidance for summer corn in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.
First, adjust the layout and optimize the structure. According to market demand and in light of local production realities, adjust and optimize the corn planting structure, develop silage corn and fresh-eating corn according to local conditions, and carry out intercropping and relay intercropping of corn with other crops (soybean, peanut, etc.).
Second, select superior varieties and carefully select seeds. Scientifically select superior corn varieties that are suitable for local planting, have a suitable maturity period, are density-tolerant and lodging-resistant, are stress-resistant and broadly adaptable, and are high-yielding and stable-yielding. In the northern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai region, varieties with early maturity and strong drought tolerance should be selected; in the southern part of the Huang-Huai-Hai region, varieties with medium maturity, rust resistance and strong high-temperature tolerance should be selected. For plots with direct grain harvesting, select varieties that are early-maturing, lodging-resistant, fast-drying and suitable for mechanical direct grain harvesting. Purchase high-quality coated seeds to ensure they meet the requirements of mechanical precision single-seed sowing.
Third, sow early in a race against time to achieve full emergence in one sowing. After the previous crop is harvested, sow summer corn promptly; strive to complete sowing before June 15 in the central and southern areas and before June 20 in the northern areas, using mechanical precision seeders for no-till direct sowing in equal row spacing of 60 cm. When soil moisture is insufficient at sowing, promptly apply “head water” to ensure full emergence in one sowing.
Fourth, maintain reasonable dense planting and optimize the population. Determine the suitable planting density according to variety characteristics and production conditions. For general plots, maintain 4000—4500 plants per mu; for density-tolerant varieties and high-yield fields, appropriately increase the density. For plots with excessively high planting density and excessive growth, as well as areas prone to wind damage and lodging, plant growth regulators may be sprayed as appropriate from the jointing stage to the small funnel stage to improve plant lodging resistance and prevent lodging.
Fifth, prevent and control diseases and pests, and use chemical weed control. Strengthen dynamic monitoring and forecast warning for corn diseases and pests, especially sudden, voracious and epidemic diseases and pests such as fall armyworm, and carry out green prevention and control. After corn sowing and before emergence, promptly carry out chemical pre-emergence closed weed control, or at the seedling stage (three leaves and one heart to five leaves) select suitable herbicides for post-emergence weed control. Standardize the timing, method and dosage of spraying to avoid repeated spraying, missed spraying and phytotoxicity, and improve weed control effects.
Sixth, manage scientifically for efficient fertilizer and water use. For plots where the previous wheat straw is returned to the field, nitrogen fertilizer should be the main application, supplemented with a certain amount of potassium fertilizer and an appropriate amount of micronutrient fertilizer; among this, 1/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer and all of the potassium and micronutrient fertilizers should be applied deeply to the side at sowing, and the remaining 2/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied mechanically deeply to the side (about 10 cm) around the small funnel stage. Alternatively, sowing and fertilization in different positions at the same time may be adopted, using high-quality special controlled-release fertilizer applied deeply once as a basal application. After fertilization, if soil moisture is insufficient, irrigate promptly; where conditions permit, promote integrated water and fertilizer management to reduce chemical fertilizer use and improve water and fertilizer use efficiency.
Seventh, strengthen monitoring and disaster prevention and reduction. Strengthen monitoring and early warning for disasters such as drought, high temperature and typhoons. If high-temperature weather and severe drought are encountered during key growth periods, irrigate promptly; if waterlogging occurs, drain promptly. Defend against high-temperature heat damage through measures such as planting heat-tolerant varieties, timely irrigation and foliar spraying of micronutrient fertilizers.
Eighth, harvest at the right time for high yield and high quality. Harvest corn after it is fully ripe (when the milk line disappears and the black layer appears), and harvest late at the appropriate time without affecting the sowing period of the next wheat crop. Mechanically harvest ears or directly harvest grain, and promptly dry or dehydrate after harvest to prevent mildew and improve yield and quality.
Soybean Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center
At present, the Huang-Huai-Hai region is in the critical period of agricultural “three summer” production. The Soybean Expert Steering Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, studied and proposed the 2020 production technical guidance for summer soybean in the Huang-Huai-Hai region in light of the region's natural conditions and farming systems.
1. Scientific variety selection
According to local market demand and ecological conditions, select high-quality varieties that have passed approval or are filed for introduction, have high yield and high (oil) protein content, good processing quality, are density-tolerant, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant, and are suitable for mechanized harvesting. In the southern part of the Huang-Huai region, medium-late-maturing soybean varieties with relatively longer growth periods may be selected; in the central region, soybean varieties with relatively moderate maturity periods may be selected; in the northern region, early-maturing varieties with relatively shorter growth periods may be selected. For self-saved seeds, seed cleaning and germination tests should be done well. Seeds with low germination rates and poor vigor must not be used.
2. Timely sowing
Uniform, full, even and strong seedlings are the key to obtaining high yields of summer soybean in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. After wheat harvest, if soil moisture is good or there is a single rainfall of more than 10 mm, sow while seizing the moisture; if drought occurs, adopt the method of sowing first and then sprinkler irrigation to supplement soil moisture. It is advocated to use no-till straw-mulching precision seeders to complete sowing, fertilization, pre-emergence weed control and straw mulching in one operation; it is also possible to harvest wheat at a low stubble height while crushing and scattering the straw, and sow no-till while taking advantage of the moisture. Determine the sowing rate according to variety and soil fertility, with row spacing of 30—40 cm and a target of 1.5—1.8 million plants per mu; for late sowing, appropriately increase the sowing rate.
3. Stabilize phosphorus and supplement potassium
The soil organic matter content in the Huang-Huai-Hai region is relatively low. When harvesting the previous wheat crop, straw should be returned to the field in full as much as possible to increase soil organic matter content. It is recommended to follow the fertilization principle of limiting nitrogen, stabilizing phosphorus and supplementing potassium, and apply 10 kg per mu of 45% compound fertilizer or diammonium phosphate at sowing. For plots with insufficient soil fertility, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate at the flowering and podding stage can increase the number of effective pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight. For vigorously growing fields, spray growth regulators at the branching stage or early flowering stage to control internode elongation and prevent lodging.
4. Precise pesticide application
Focus on controlling pests such as Riptortus pedestris, small brown planthopper, red spider mite and aphids. From the seedling stage to the middle and late growth stages, use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to control pests such as small brown planthopper, red spider mite and aphids; at the flowering and podding stage, focus on controlling Riptortus pedestris to prevent the occurrence of “green retention”. In the morning or evening, Riptortus pedestris is relatively sluggish in activity, and the control effect is better.
5. Supporting machinery
The best period for mechanical harvesting should be at the early full-ripe stage, when all soybean leaves have fallen and the grain moisture content has dropped below 16%. Avoid dew to prevent soil from adhering to the grains and affecting appearance quality. The harvester should be equipped with a special soybean harvesting header. During mechanical harvesting, pay attention to adjusting the reel speed of the harvester to reduce the impact force on the plants and reduce pod shattering and grain loss. At the same time, the speed and clearance of the threshing cylinder should be correctly selected and adjusted to reduce the breakage rate of soybean grains.